Democratic Forest Trusts (PDF)in Watson, Alan; Dean, Liese; Sproull, Janet, comps. 2006. Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Eighth World Wilderness Congress Symposium; 2005 September 30-October 6; Anchorage, AK.Democratic trusts with leadership elected by citizen-members promise to solve many of the problems afflicting both traditional government and corporate ownership of forestlands. This article explores these issues in some depth.Complexity and the Dream of Human Control of Eco-Systems (PDF)in Watson, Alan; Dean, Liese; Sproull, Janet, comps. 2006. Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Eighth World Wilderness Congress Symposium; 2005 September 30-October 6; Anchorage, AK.The title captures it. I then explore the kinds of institutions compatible with both nature and the modern world that are implied from this analysis.Rethinking the Obvious: Modernity and Living Respectfully With Nature (PDF)The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy, Winter, 1997.Modernity is usually considered a wrong turn in terms of respect for and sustaining the environment. I argue the reality is more complex, for modernity has freed us from personal dependence on agriculture, ended the economic value of children, radically reduced the likelihood of large scale wat, and shifted much production to intellectual rather than material capital. This partially decouples society from nature, which gives us important opportunities as well as problems.Towards an Ecocentric Political Economy (PDF)The Trumpeter, Fall, 1996.This paper begins my effort at showing how liberal modernity can be harmonized with an ecocentric perspective on our relationship with the natural world. It is a corrective to much “free market environmental” literature that sacrifices Nature to money as well as to anti-liberal attacks by well-meaning but economically naïve environmentalists.Unexpected Harmonies: Self-Organization in Liberal Modernity and Ecology (PDF)The Trumpeter, Journal of Ecosophy, 10:1, Winter 1993This is my initial paper exploring how what I term ‘evolutionary liberal’ thought can be an important means by which society and nature can be brought into greater harmony. The other Trumpeter papers build on it.Deep Ecology and Liberalism: The Greener Implications of Evolutionary Liberalism (PDF)Review of Politics, Fall, 1996.Liberal thought and deep ecology are usually regarded as mutually exclusive. But the “evolutionary” tradition offers a way to integrate the two through commonalties in the work of David Hume, Michael Polanyi, Arne Naess, and Aldo Leopold, providing a stronger foundation for liberalism while strengthening the case for an ecocentric ethic.(Related subjects: Ecology)Saving Western Towns: A Jeffersonian Green Proposal (PDF)in Writers on the Range, Karl Hess and John Baden, eds., University Press of Colorado, 1998.Developmental pressures in the rural and small town West involve three groups: long term residents, new arrivals, and environmentalists. Today their interests often conflict. This conflict is in part the outcome of institutions which prevent harmonizing competing interests. The concept of developmental trusts, both for rural regions and for small communities offers a means whereby these interests can be harmonized for the benefit of all concerned.(Related subjects: Politics)Social Ecology, Deep Ecology, and Liberalism (PDF)Critical Review, 6: 2-3, 1992.Murray Bookchin is considered a leading radical environmental theorist. However, his analysis is incapable of leading humankind towards a more respectful and sustainable relationship with the natural world. Criticisms of Bookchin from both the deep ecology and evolutionary liberal perspective complement one another, pointing the way towards a better understanding of how modernity relates to the environment.The paper as a whole offers an early discussion of issues that are more clearly addressed in later papers, particularly Deep Ecology and Liberalism (1996) and the three Trumpeter articles in 1997, 1996, and 1993. However, there are other ideas in the article which have not been developed more thoroughly elsewhere.
I’ve been thinking about what
lineages mean and don’t mean in Wicca.
In a world where the Sacred can be approached from almost any direction,
what does being Faery or Gardnerian or Alexandrian or Reclaiming mean compared
to being self-initiated?
After all, traced back far enough,
every lineage leads to someone who was “self-initiated.
I think lineages provide a
“scaffolding” within which a person makes his or her own connection to the
Sacred. They introduce you to a
community which may or may not be spiritually aware, and almost certainly will
have some people who are wise and some people who are fools. They introduce you to people who have
been where you are at one point, and presumably have accumulated considerable
knowledge to make your own path a little bit easier – at the cost of being
tempted to think there may be only one right way to do something.
Lineages give us a sense of
connection through time – as long as the lineage extends. This can feel really good. They can provide a fund of collective
experience that has been passed on.
Some of this experience reflects wisdom hard gained, and some, to me,
reflects puffed up self-importance by those doing the passing.
Some lineages have special
knowledge they pass to their initiates.
Most have special ways of doing things that are in essence well known by
being done in other ways in other lineages. Some of these things are closely guarded secrets.
Whether a person is a part of a
good coven is to my mind vastly more important than to what lineage they
belong. Second in importance is having a good teacher (unless the person gets deeply involved in the shamanic or occult aspects of Pagan practice, in which case reverse the order.) Last, and by comparison not all that important, is whether the lineage is old or new or the group is self-initiated.
I‘m in a grumpy mood regarding
lineages at the moment. An initiate in a respected lineage, and whom I know, was deeply disrespected by other
lineage holders in a new town to where she moved. They wanted to reinitiate her after she studied with
them – to make sure she was up to whatever kind of snuff that mattered to them. I won’t mention identifying details because
it might cause her difficulties with idiots in the Pagan community there, but
she wisely said “Forget it” and now circles with some Druids. Their gain, and in retrospect I doubt she lost anything important at all.



posted August 14, 2009 at 1:35 pm
I think it’s important that lineages exist. To, in their own way, grow and refine and keep what consistency they see fit. It’s just important for them, and everyone else, to remember they aren’t *everything.*
Maybe really too much is made of ‘lineages’ on the Net. After all, anyone can claim one, here, whether they know much or not. (And I observe most of the wisest are too busy to be out here posting. Maybe occasionally looking at the ‘more eclectic’ world and being shocked how random things can look)
Part of the problem, too, is that when ‘lineages’ actually *agree* with what goes on in the broader community, they can’t *say* so publicly, cause to them what everyone else may bandy about could to them be oathbound.
Certainly, for those of us who weren’t raised Pagan, especially when we’re fairly new, habits of considering anybody that looks like ‘authority’ to be *in the way* die hard.
I think this is actually *OK.* I’ve found that many ‘traditionals’ actually value what I’ve found ‘on my own’ (and thus aren’t worried about ‘keeping secrets’ where they aren’t) and therefore weren’t afraid to teach me some things that they therefore could, even if I couldn’t stay and become ‘lineaged.’
If we *think like Pagans,* this doesn’t have to be a bad thing. We’re *not* all supposed to be ‘the same.’ We can be ‘control groups’ for each other. We should celebrate that. Value it.
posted August 14, 2009 at 2:40 pm
All in all, I’ve come to look at this lineage and affiliation stuff this way: We practitioners enjoy relationship with other humans, and we enjoy relationships with non-human beings, including deities, guardians, allies, “cousins”, co-walkers, totems, and such.
Lineage relationships appear to be more important among human groups and communities of common practice/world view than they are among the non-human beings. Folks fret about lineage, too often some other practitioner’s lineage. Deities, guardians, etc, don’t (in my experience) fret about lineage. They seem to have their own ways of deciding which practitioners to touch–and how.
Because my practice is fundamentally about my relationships with deities, guardians, and the rest of the non-human panoply, I’ve learned not to fret so much about my lineage or lack of lineage beyond how it matters in getting along with other human practitioners. (This outlook on lineage is not, so far as I can tell, widely shared…)
I don’t understand the view of lineage that wants to re-train and re-certify practitioners already skilled in a given Trad or Lore. It’s not continuing education or ongoing magical transformation, the way I see it. It’s power, ego, fear, resentment, petty agrandizement, and, in the long run, futile.
posted August 14, 2009 at 3:40 pm
It’s not lineages themselves that are the problem; they can be a very positive influence. However, as with anything else they can be misused, allowing people to play the “Witchier than thou” game we’ve all encountered.
If anyone starts that game with you, my advice is to refuse to play. They obviously have some more growing up to do. Walk away, and find a more mature group. Even if it means being a self-initiated Solitary. Believe me, you’ll be far better off.
posted August 14, 2009 at 6:57 pm
I think that for many groups, lineage means you don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel. It can be a good thing when well done. When it’s used as a cudgel, not so much. Lineage shouldn’t be the be-all and end-all of a decision regarding someone’s competence and, even in places where lineage is important, it shouldn’t be used against folks outside that tradition who actually know what they’re doing. Lineage is a tool, not a weapon.
posted August 14, 2009 at 7:28 pm
I have never seen anything postitive come out of lineage and traditional coven mentalities. It’s a system largely perpetuated by people who have never moved beyond the power dymamics and manipulation of their Judeo-Christian roots and who crave power over others. Some covens have some worthwhile things to teach, but they tend to hold people back over the long run to make sure none of its members gain equal footing with the leaders. I have never seen anyone do their best work until after they became solitaries or began working with more mature and less uptight groups. Same goes for people who make a point about lording their title of “High Prietess” or “clergy” over others. The ones who feel the need to claim that status tend to have the least backing it up.
posted August 15, 2009 at 4:57 pm
We did an excellent radio show about the pagan wicca path at
W W W .SHOCKAWENOW. N E T You can download it free also in mp3
posted August 16, 2009 at 6:54 pm
Although Hierarchy has dangers, it also provides a structure which is very helpful to those lacking self-discipline. Unfortunately a trait sorely lacking in our society so focused on feeding the ego. I enjoy being able to place myself at another’s direction on occasion. This helps to facilitate the open mind necessary for learning. You can’t learn anything if you think you know it all.
After thirteen years of solitary practice I enjoyed immensely the time I spent under the tutelage of a woman ten years my junior. Our learning relationship was beautifully complementary and I believe that we both grew because of it. It wouldn’t have worked without the structure of our lineage.
Although the demands of family and childcare and a move two hours away have thus far prevented me from attaining my degree I do not in anyway feel slighted by those of my acquaintance who have surpassed my attainment. My time will come when my children are more grown. Till then, their achievements merit recognition and I feel nothing but SO proud of them. When Hierarchy and lineage works, it gives SO much more than it asks.
posted August 18, 2009 at 5:08 pm
Coming from both sides of the aisle, starting off in a coven, then solitary, and back to a coven, I think that lineage and lines of teaching have their place. For one, you can see where attitudes, ideas, concepts and so on sprang from, and have an ability to contextualize them where you may not have that with solitary work.
In my work as a solitary, I had the disadvantage of having no one to turn to when I was at a loss, or was stuck (which I also see as an advantage) except to myself, and the resources around me. The experience, sounding boards and general support of a community could have helped me through many of the hurdles I had to overcome on my own. It could be argued this was best for me, but I think that for those who need or want community, lineage can provide them a way to see how they’ve come along, give them examples of what to do and not to do, and people to call on when they need the help.
The big advantage of working solitary is that I had no one telling me what to do, where to do it or how. With no lineage and no one to hang on to, or to hang on to me, I felt free to experiment with whatever I wished, however I wished, without the obligation of a community or its lineage.
In my experience, lineage does not dictate to you what you can or cannot do with your life, nor does it dictate others worth. It gives you a history, like a family tree, a place to look back to, a spiritual home.
posted August 27, 2009 at 6:27 am
From my experience, which does NOT include initiation by any group, Pagan or otherwise, I suspect there’s more to it than just hierarchy and one-up behavior.
I understand from colleagues that “initiation” into several specific traditions is seen, perhaps chiefly, as putting the individual in touch with a specific “deity” or “current” on another plane from the place where human interactions and ranking occur. There is also an aspect of ‘knowing something you couldn’t know before/without initiation, and which you will never ‘not-know’ again.’
From my personal experience of living, I notice a few events that seemed like “initiation” in that second way. Childbirth was one, and parenting another. In both cases I studied fairly extensively and was confident that I “knew” what to expect. Then the experience arrived and I found everything I had expected, and much more. And once the initiating experience was complete, there was much that I could never turn back from.
Gus, I wonder if you could speak to this aspect of initiation — and I wonder if your friend who now circles with the Druids had thought of initiation in this way at all?