Democratic Forest Trusts (PDF)in Watson, Alan; Dean, Liese; Sproull, Janet, comps. 2006. Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Eighth World Wilderness Congress Symposium; 2005 September 30-October 6; Anchorage, AK.Democratic trusts with leadership elected by citizen-members promise to solve many of the problems afflicting both traditional government and corporate ownership of forestlands. This article explores these issues in some depth.Complexity and the Dream of Human Control of Eco-Systems (PDF)in Watson, Alan; Dean, Liese; Sproull, Janet, comps. 2006. Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Eighth World Wilderness Congress Symposium; 2005 September 30-October 6; Anchorage, AK.The title captures it. I then explore the kinds of institutions compatible with both nature and the modern world that are implied from this analysis.Rethinking the Obvious: Modernity and Living Respectfully With Nature (PDF)The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy, Winter, 1997.Modernity is usually considered a wrong turn in terms of respect for and sustaining the environment. I argue the reality is more complex, for modernity has freed us from personal dependence on agriculture, ended the economic value of children, radically reduced the likelihood of large scale wat, and shifted much production to intellectual rather than material capital. This partially decouples society from nature, which gives us important opportunities as well as problems.Towards an Ecocentric Political Economy (PDF)The Trumpeter, Fall, 1996.This paper begins my effort at showing how liberal modernity can be harmonized with an ecocentric perspective on our relationship with the natural world. It is a corrective to much “free market environmental” literature that sacrifices Nature to money as well as to anti-liberal attacks by well-meaning but economically naïve environmentalists.Unexpected Harmonies: Self-Organization in Liberal Modernity and Ecology (PDF)The Trumpeter, Journal of Ecosophy, 10:1, Winter 1993This is my initial paper exploring how what I term ‘evolutionary liberal’ thought can be an important means by which society and nature can be brought into greater harmony. The other Trumpeter papers build on it.Deep Ecology and Liberalism: The Greener Implications of Evolutionary Liberalism (PDF)Review of Politics, Fall, 1996.Liberal thought and deep ecology are usually regarded as mutually exclusive. But the “evolutionary” tradition offers a way to integrate the two through commonalties in the work of David Hume, Michael Polanyi, Arne Naess, and Aldo Leopold, providing a stronger foundation for liberalism while strengthening the case for an ecocentric ethic.(Related subjects: Ecology)Saving Western Towns: A Jeffersonian Green Proposal (PDF)in Writers on the Range, Karl Hess and John Baden, eds., University Press of Colorado, 1998.Developmental pressures in the rural and small town West involve three groups: long term residents, new arrivals, and environmentalists. Today their interests often conflict. This conflict is in part the outcome of institutions which prevent harmonizing competing interests. The concept of developmental trusts, both for rural regions and for small communities offers a means whereby these interests can be harmonized for the benefit of all concerned.(Related subjects: Politics)Social Ecology, Deep Ecology, and Liberalism (PDF)Critical Review, 6: 2-3, 1992.Murray Bookchin is considered a leading radical environmental theorist. However, his analysis is incapable of leading humankind towards a more respectful and sustainable relationship with the natural world. Criticisms of Bookchin from both the deep ecology and evolutionary liberal perspective complement one another, pointing the way towards a better understanding of how modernity relates to the environment.The paper as a whole offers an early discussion of issues that are more clearly addressed in later papers, particularly Deep Ecology and Liberalism (1996) and the three Trumpeter articles in 1997, 1996, and 1993. However, there are other ideas in the article which have not been developed more thoroughly elsewhere.
Our Mabon and Samhain discussions have prompted this post. Wicca’s roots are in northwestern Europe, a land of strong
seasons like those in much of the US.
It was easy to integrate the agricultural cycle in the British Isles, and the solar cycle
with the symbolism of birth, growth, adulthood, old age, death, and rebirth,
that characterizes our own existence.
Further, they all harmonized with the phases of the moon.
Wonderful.
The fit is not so good when we move to the West coast of
North America, especially California. The rainless summer and scorching fall is
followed by the cold but hardly frozen rain of winter, and everything starts
turning green again. By Beltane
there are often hints of summer’s golden brown in the meadows.
Or
the far north or higher elevations, where May Day is hardly a day of
flowers. When I taught in far
upstate New York, north of the Adirondacks, it could snow into late May. Less than a day’s drive further north,
in Canada’s “Near North” somewhere up above Ottawa, maple trees disappeared for
good, and winter became the overwhelmingly dominant season. Where I was in New York, it was only
the dominant season, with snow falling as early as Samhain.
But in the West and North the Solstices and Equinoxes are still anchors
of more than abstract importance.
We experience the lengthening and shortening of day and night in a
syjmbol fitting easily into the shorter rhythms of the waxing and waning
moon. These rhythms are
universal. Or are they?
Many
of us have joked about Australian and Kiwi Wiccans and other NeoPagans
celebrating the Sabbats upside down. There the
seasons are reversed, with our Samhain falling in their Spring. But the temperate Southern hemisphere
has it fairly easy. You just
invert the wheel and things still fit.
What about the greater part of Australia that is tropical or subtropical? Not so many Wiccans there (yet?), but
hopefully its future has a strong NeoPagan component. (I do not mean just
Wiccans, as I hope is clear.) And Hawaii?
Or the seasons as experienced by the Gardnerian community in Nigeria?
In the tropics and near tropics the days are mostly the same
length. Solstices and Equinoxes
are not particularly noticeable.
The growing season is year long, unless there are cycles of rain and
drought. These different seasonal
rhythms, are not in clear synch with those of the temperate zones. The dance of seasons is polyrhythmic.
Wicca’s ritual symbolism is a wonderful fit with temperate places with
four strong seasons, and nowhere else.
Until then our celebrations will be rooted in abstract symbols rather
than concrete energies. Anyone who
reads this blog knows I have no problems being abstract – but Spirit does not
manifest abstractly in my experience.
It is extremely concrete.
To
connect with the spirit of where we live, I think we need to try and connect
with its concrete manifestations.
Here on the southern end of the North Pacific coast, and farther on up,
the salmon is the totem animal of the region. Native tribes long had their “First Salmon” ceremonies, when
these wonderful fish returned from the ocean, to mate, spawn, and die,
enriching the land with their deaths.
Here in Sonoma County we
also have wonderful vineyards, with abundant grapes and wine, and the best
apple juice anywhere from our Gravenstein apples. Grapes and apples are plants with venerable Pagan symbolisms in the West. Hopefully the day will come when our
Sabbats incorporate these plant and animals of place and similar elements. And when the elements do not
fit easily into our Sabbats, hopefully we will have additional celebrations and
honorings.
Indigenous Pagans
were sensitive to the rhythms of their place as well as to the universal rhythms of life
and death. I think we will not
have truly made our path a grounded path until we have done the same. We cannot
have too many days where we are reminded of the Sacredness of our home.



posted September 22, 2009 at 11:35 pm
Thanks for this. As a snowbird I’ve often felt deeply connected to ritual work, and to the land, when I’m “home” in New Jersey. But when I’m in Florida or points South for the winter, it can be more difficult. Last year in the tropics I discovered that the Solstice was nearly invisible, even though I was looking carefully.
Maybe this year I will begin to feel what the ‘winter’ side of the tropical Wheel is like.
posted September 23, 2009 at 7:52 am
It’s a welcome change to hear from someone who acknowledges teh differences in tropical areas. I live in subtropical Australia and I lost any tendency to celebrate Sabbats I ever had.
posted September 23, 2009 at 10:16 am
By all means, don’t just long for rituals that mesh with the local natural cycles — compose and practice them. Every ritual was once someone’s idea.
posted September 23, 2009 at 12:01 pm
This has been an major issue for my own practice since I started working in Pagan circles 15 years ago. Although the NeoPagan Wheel of the Year works fairly well in the Midwest US, the stories and images of the “cross-quarter” holidays never spoke to me. I began engaging the Hebrew calendar in a Pagan way, but since it’s based in the cycles of Israel, that had it’s own challenges.
Ultimately, I think if we can learn for the fact that no spiritual tradition can be plug and play. Especially, if you want to honor the earth, we must engage the character of the land we live and its cycles around is.
posted September 23, 2009 at 5:06 pm
My experience vis a vis using local plants, animals, and landscape features in rituals has been that it’s far more difficult in operation than we Neo-Pagans might assume. There’s a lot of habit-entrenched, by-the-book, maybe even ego-centered, resistance, even among proficient practitioners.
In Northern California, I call on (for instance)a tree/element circle–N,Coast Redwood; E, Valley Oaks, S, Yucca Tree, and W, Giant Kelp. These are commonplace, well-known California trees. But they are more cumbersome to work with in lots of groups because (I think) practitioners have to go out and investigate them on the ground, discover their attributes and inter-linkages across the land, and declare their ritual use as appropriate on their own authority. Too DIY for many folks!
All in all, in poking around and playing with local plants, animals, and such, I strongly advocate working with NATIVE (not introduced, not intrusive) species. Salmon, yes. Wine grape varietals, no. I have learned that for magical activities, NATIVE species work differently than introduced or intrusive species. It is not enough for a species to have Pagan meanings. It has to have long-lived and deep-rooted links with the living land underfoot!
posted September 23, 2009 at 6:15 pm
I think it is very important that Sabbat rituals and myths be tailored to specific places and their ecosystems. But I also think it is important to remember that what we are tracking at the Sabbats is the yearly cycle of the Earth around the Sun, which is valid no matter where you are in reference to the Equator.
From an astrologer’s point of view, the solstices and equinoxes fall at 0 degrees of Cardinal signs, always major power points in the Zodiac.
The traditional dates of the cross quarters are usually a few days off, but fall right around the midpoint between solstice and equinox, or equinox and solstice. So they are all at approximately 15 degrees of Fixed signs, again traditionally major Zodiacal power points. Personally, I tend to use the astrological dates for my cross-quarter celebrations instead of the traditional ones.
Working with these stations of the Sun is a good starting point, then the rest of the ritual and mythology can be built around local ecological realities.
posted November 30, 2009 at 12:29 am
I agree with you, your saying is so good and usful for me. Thanks.