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Here’s how some prominent writers and scholars weigh in on the topic of evil versus mental illness. Thanks to freelance religion writer Andrea Useem for collecting some of these on her blog, ReligionWriter.com.
The “National Review Online” published these responses:
From Matthew J. Franck, professor and chairman of political science at Radford University:
“Professional explainers will soon be setting to work on this case, analyzing what happened (or what they speculate might have happened) to the perpetrator of the horror to prompt him to it. ‘Evil’ is not likely to be in their vocabulary. Pathology of this sort or that will be diagnosed; maybe even a brain-chemistry explanation will be advanced. I mean no disrespect to my friends in psychology when I say that all such accounts, however true they might indeed prove to be, can never be more than partial. Human beings are responsible moral agents with free will, and in the end a willing actor had to pull that trigger. Do we really have a better explanation than our ancestors who believed a man could be possessed by evil–even by Evil Incarnate? C.S. Lewis’s devil Screwtape tells his young apprentice Wormwood: ‘Our policy, for the moment, is to conceal ourselves…. [W]hen they believe in us, we cannot make them materialists and skeptics.’ Modern university education seems bent much of the time on making students materialists and skeptics. Did yesterday make that easier, or harder? Think it through. We have seen what evil does.”
From Anne Hendershott, professor of philosophy at the University of San Diego:
“While mental health experts are already medicalizing the behavior of what they are calling a “sick” individual, and liberal politicians and pundits are blaming our social inequality, it is difficult to make moral judgments. We are told that this student just “snapped” and could not have controlled his behavior. We are told that he was violent because of factors beyond his control–just like in previous school shootings when drugs, bullies, violent song-lyrics, and inequality made them do it. Biology was destiny–or the out of control capitalism that relegated some to the margins. The parade of psychological practitioners on the television news is already suggesting that there are uncontrollable hormonal factors or biochemical causes behind actions like this. Some sociologists will blame society, or capitalism.
The continued attempts to psychologize and ‘understand’ such deviance–even in the face of evil such as that which occurred on this campus–show the distance some will go to avoid applying moral categories of judgment. Sociologists in the past cautioned us that the medicalization of deviance would eventually shroud conditions, events, and people and prevent them from being confronted as evil. The suggestion that the student who did this act was deranged but not evil demonstrates the lengths some will go to avoid moral judgments. We need to look at the virulent class envy that this student appeared to hold as a serious character flaw–one that may have led to his impaired thinking and his evil act. And, most importantly, we need to acknowledge that human beings are flawed creatures capable of monstrosity.”
From Fr. Thomas Berg, executive director of the Westchester Institute for Ethics and the Human Person:
“The tragedy at Virginia Tech, we should hope, will provoke a profound process of national soul-searching. And rightly so. According to the Centers for Disease Control and the National Crime Victimization Survey, while in 2005 the rate of violent crimes decreased nationally to its lowest level, homicides and suicides at schools actually increased between 2000 and 2005.”
In a blog entry for “On Faith,” a collaborative conversation hosted by the Washington Post and Newsweek, R. Albert Mohler, Jr, president of the South Baptist Theological Seminary, said this:
“In taking moral evil seriously, the Bible affirms that we are responsible creatures. Our Creator will hold us fully accountable for our actions. All are sinners. Some sinners embrace evil with virtual abandon–leading to horrors such as these killings on a university campus. We dare not attempt to minimize this moral responsibility. Then, as C. S. Lewis so powerfully reminded us, we must trust that God’s perfect justice will destroy evil and reset the moral equilibrium of the universe…. Christianity does not deny the reality of evil or try to hide from its true horror. Christians dare not minimize evil nor take refuge in euphemisms. Beyond this, we cannot accept that evil will have the last word. The last word will be the perfect fulfillment of the grace and justice of God.”
And Jennifer Geddes, associate professor of religious studies and director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture at the University of Virginia, about using the term “evil”:
“[Mental illness is] why we can talk about behavior as evil. That doesn’t muddy the water at all. To murder people is an evil thing to do. Now, what brings someone to do evil can be a whole range of factors: psychological problems, biochemical problems, past abuse that that person has suffered. When something this tragic and horrifying happens, we need that word to name it. So many people, when they are interviewed about this event or other events we could compare it to, there’s this sense, ‘We just don’t understand how this could happen.’ There’s a real desire to make sense of it. The word gives us at least a way to name what happened. But if we stop there, we’re not doing the thinking this event calls for us to do.”
What do you think?
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posted April 20, 2007 at 3:07 pm
Sounds great to me
posted April 20, 2007 at 5:49 pm
Good and Evil are3 relative terms which have been used as explanations for behavior from time immemorial. When we say that human kind was imbued by God with these traits we must seriously determine who said that. Was it an anouncement from a supernatural being who actually created those traits and how do we know this to be true in any case? Or was it the attempt of various people to create an explanation armee with the incomplte and perhaps even false knowledge of the times in which they were living.
posted April 21, 2007 at 1:15 am
Why are some people evil? Is there no hope or help for them? Some people are just as judgemental about people who suffer mental health problems, i think the phrase is ignorance, I have heard people say how selfish committing suicide is. people are not always in their right minds. Or am i being too understanding.
posted April 21, 2007 at 1:46 pm
IMO, I believe that this Cho was mentally ill. I do not believe that he was evil, possessed by demons, and so on. He was a severely mentally ill person that maybe or maybe not could have been helped with VERY intense treatment.
posted April 21, 2007 at 3:18 pm
One of the things that has stood out to me in this whole, terrible episode, is the description of this young man as being practically mute from early childhood. I believe I read an account of an interview with grandparent in South Korea that this young man showed signs of trouble very early on, around four.What was going on then? He was called “autistic” by his mother. Was at least some of what contributed to his heinous act biologically based?His most defining features to those acquainted with him in school were that he held his head down and rarely spoke. He had no friends. His teachers and professors were frightened by what he wrote. Scott Peck’s book on evil, “People of the Lie,” deals with the topic in a compelling, understandable manner. The “Lie” of the title is the denial of reality, done as a purposeful, self-serving choice,(if I am remembering correctly). Narcissism, in which people only exist in relation to how they can serve the narcissist, is also a part of the “Lie.” It is a pattern of living. The book is worth reading. I, for myself, see the acts done by this young man as evil, but cannot call him evil. Perhaps I am wrong. Was he responsible for his acts? I think so, to the degree with which he had control of his faculties. Yesterday, I heard a horrible sermon at a Mass where I teach school. The priest gave this boy, and I quote: “An F on his report card, because he didn’t act in love.” (This was said to middle and high school students.) I just wish he had taken the time to apeak even a little about Jesus’ death being for the young man, as well as the students he killed. I wish he had spoken about the mercy of God, which is beyond our understanding. I don’t know if the killer of the thirty-two in Blacksburg had any sort of religious upbringing. But we do know that even people who do, are capable of heinous acts. I don’t know how this applies, but something Jesus said keeps coming to mind these last few days. I paraphrase: Do not fear those who can kill the body, but those who can kill the soul. I pray for all those who were killed Monday, their families, and friends. I especially pray for the repose of the soul of Cho. I don’t know how to separate psychology and theology in this instance. I guess if I am going to err, I want to err on the side of mercy.
posted April 23, 2007 at 8:11 pm
Man is a physical, mental and spiritual being. I believe Cho was “spiritually ill”, spiritually abused, spiritually sickened.I think most people who commit suicide leave a testimony against this world. The suicide is their means of escaping the hateful, unbearable conditions around them. Inner pain is in the eye of the one “suffering”.. not the beholder.It’s written that God will not put a burden on you greater than you can carry. God in his great wisdom KNOWS that people can only take just so much before they break down. That’s what God says.. But people don’t seem to know or realize that. The observers (beholders) rarely even know about the pain of a tortured soul because it is all inside.. unseen. Others could learn more about this deep, unbearable pain.. IF they were willing to listen.But people do not want to hear about their own faults or their own errors. People don’t see themselves as having any responsibility. They are quick to point a finger elsewhere. “It was the woman YOU gave me.. It was the serpent’s fault”. Don’t blame this on me.Certainly if there are faults or errors, these evils must be in something or someone else. The gun, the madman, his parents, etc. It can’t possibly be in us.. not us.. right, true..?Jesus saw faults and offered corrective, constructive criticism to those who represented God.. supposedly “Godly People”.. Oh, they didn’t want to hear that. He was a threat to them He was a threat to the whole nation.. everyone. HE was the evil, not them. They grew to hate him and looked for ways to destroy him.. kill him. But then that was nothing new.. people had done that many times before to the messengers.. the prophets sent by God. And the killing didn’t stop with the death of Jesus. Read of God’s vineyard and the “wild grapes”.. the “stinking things” that grew. Jesus taught Love. Hate is the opposite of Love. Hate takes many forms. It can be seen in such stinking things as abuse, scorn, mockery, bullying, rejection, denial, intolerance, prejudice, indifference.. etc, etc. etc. I think this is God’s way of letting us know that the “stinking things” are still growing in HIS vineyard.
posted April 24, 2007 at 8:53 am
I hope THE CONSTITUTION is re written. America is a powerful country, its time it started, to heal itself. I see Bush sending troops overseas to prevent the atrocities, how can a diseased nation hope to help others.
posted April 26, 2007 at 10:32 pm
Cho was mentally ill — paranoid schizophrenia. He had an imaginary girlfriend and in those tapes he sent to NBC he spoke of Jesus alot. Many schizophrenics think God/Jesus are speaking to them or through them. When people are afflicted with this horrible condition it’s the community around them that has to act, for they cannot see reality, paranoia keeps them from it. I suspect his family’s culture kept them from doing much. And our politically correct culture has put roadblocks up now that prevent heretofore “alternate parents” from contacting families and doing anything about it. Cho’s family was also probably completely unaware of this kind of mental illness – but I suspect there were a number of teachers or others who suspected something awfully wrong, but were not able to cross that PC divide. Brave and rare is the person now days that steps up to the plate and says “Hey, it’s time to do something about this.”
posted April 26, 2007 at 10:32 pm
Excellent Boog!! Have weaned myself from the news for the past 6 weeks so can’t really comment except tho say: these are very stressful times we live in and we all need to d our little part to make it a more peaceful place. Have read several articles from this site and absolutely love it!! Personally, I believe any of us are capable of doing the same thing this man did. We all need at least one healthy person in our lives who is safe to share our most difficult struggles with. My faith in God has been a tremendous help to mebeing able to deal with muy own stuff and to encourage others.
posted April 27, 2007 at 1:12 am
…CHO-WOW…was not suffering from mental illness / paranoid-schizophrenia unless you continue to deny his efforts to exist-not-exit and be considered a human being regardless his mental condition the world judges anyone different must be conformed to stereo-typed / pennames that makes him the perpetrator instead of a victim…wow…our wild-world-wizard cannot stay in place because we no longer can explain our actions without brainwashing and covering up the truth with another falsehood that makes and/or creates the most horrendous (more)evil(s)…not mental illness…but ignorance of hate which is spread by ,the seven deadly-sins …(not worth mentioning at this point…)paranoia comes from the fear of the unknown…this is another clear incident of rebellion against being institutionalize…wow-cho…was in what was suppose to be the highest learning environment with not one competitor and was systematically isolated-slated and/or ostracized, ridicule, rejection ect by family,peer,scholar(s)if he did not fail in his attempt to learn to be an educated-fool…instead he choose a death/wish…kill and be killed…
posted April 27, 2007 at 2:02 am
I’ve studied the differance between mental illness,my opinion is ,evil pursuades the human mind to behave in ways we ourselves dont understand.And then we medicate and it doesnt seem to help,because evil has no bounds
posted April 27, 2007 at 5:21 am
i do beleive in evil and i also beleive in mental sickness,no one knows what that person was thinking when he shot all those people, some kids are bullied to the point where they kill there self and ohters,then again the person could have been evil,or his mental status was bad,if that was the case why was he going to that school if they knew his mental status was not all there,really know one can say why he did it,the fact is your not him,he knows and the lord knows why he did it we dont,all we know is some physco person killed inoccent people,then turned on his self thats what alot of people are going to think,anyone can say why he did it but no one really knows unless they can get inside his mind and see what he was thinking when he did what he did,i just say have mercy on his soul and god bless those who has to go through the hurt and pain of there loved ones who died because of him.
posted April 27, 2007 at 11:41 am
i have a really hard time believing that anyone person with basic reading, writing and comprehension skills,could completely by-pass all standard codes of moral behavior and reach the point in there life where they completely lose all ties to tell the difference between right and wrong.how much anger and hatered would someone need to think of doing it,and actually follow thru with it?how could he have possibly not know exactly what he was doing? his own private hell on earth?it cannot be explained away on mental illness or childhood abuse, and evil exists,but separates itself from mental illness.it seems to me it would have to.or everyone in the world suffering from even the mildest form of depression to more and more severe mental illness ,would be killing people, chaos and death and eventually complete destruction,good and evil continuing the battle. good and evil depend on us to exsist but beyond our understanding,for now……
posted April 27, 2007 at 2:57 pm
I live with someone who recently got diagnosed with Bipolar 1 and this is a disease and needs to be treated with medications unless it can become evil as Miller said. Its almost an epidemic these days due to our enviroment, diets, lifestyles etc. I suggest Mr. Miller do some research on mental illness specifically Bipolar and maybe get some videos so he can reconize this horrible disease that consists of : Severe depression, dark thoughts, extreme mood & behavior changes, personallity swings, paranoid, unsocialable, judgemental, grandiosity and I can go on all day. Until you actually love or live with someone that has any mental illness and research it you really shouldn’t hve such a strong opinion. Laura
posted April 27, 2007 at 4:20 pm
THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS, THAT THE DEVIL IS OUT TO KILL,STEAL AND DISTROY IN ANYWAY HE CAN, AND DON’T THINK FOR A MOMENT HE WILL NOT USE THE HUMAN RACE,HE HAS BEEN DOING SO FROM THE TIME HE TURNED ON GOD.HE HAS NO INTENTION ON LETTING UP EITHER. NOW WE HAS HUMANS AHVE TO TAKE REPOSABLITY FOR OUR ACTIONS,BUT KNOW THIS THERE IS EVIL FORCES BEHIND THESE ACT OF EVIL/MENTAL ILLNESS, AND ANY OTHER MIND TROUBLING ISSUES.THAT IS WHY WE MUST DIE TO THE FLESH,TAKE UP OUR CROSS AND FOLLOW OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST/ AFTER ALL GOD SENT HIM TO THE EARTH TO DIE FOR OUR SINS, SO THAT WE MAY HAVE ETERNAL LIFE/AND SO IF GOD IS FOR US-WHO CAN BE AGAINST US………TAMMY
posted April 28, 2007 at 5:09 am
I am bipolar. I suffer extrem depression, dark thoughts, I’m anti social, and everything else that goes with this illness. I know right from wrong. Yes, sometimes I get a very strong urge when fussing (I start it), to do bodly harm to someone. I will even sometime have fantasy’s of hurting certain people.I know the consequences of unlawful behavior. I am responsible for my actions. Mental illness or not, his (Cho) actions were evil. Had he not killed himself, I would hope for justice, not neccesarly whats lawful, as the law and justice are more times different. He was full of hatred, and coveted what he thought others had that he did not. Evil killed his self that day. Many more still remain,under the guise of mental illness. They have to be mental to think and do such horrible things; don’t they? At least that’s what the experts and bleeding hearts belive. Debbie,NC by way of Ga
posted April 28, 2007 at 8:37 am
THE ENEMY IS ALWAYS AROUND IN THE BEGINING OF TIME – THE ENEMY ATTACK IN THE HUMAN HEART OF YOU AND ME – CHRISTIAN OR NOT – PROTECT AND GUARD YOUR HEART – JEREMIAH 1:4 – I KNOW YOU BEFORE YOU WERE BORN – MEANING THIS PRESENTED TO YOU – HOW WILL YOU REACT? – HATRED OR ANGER – YOUR ANSWER IS IN YOUR HEART – PEACE WITH GOD IN JESUS – FREE WILL, YOUR CHOICE IN HEART – CHOOSE ONE – YOUR SOUL LIVE FOREVER…AMEN
posted April 29, 2007 at 7:18 am
Anything that is not Holy – is evil. Mental, spiritual, physical, emotional, illness, abuse, jealousy, anger, pride, boastfullness, arrogance, popularity, casual sex, MONEY, Magic, materialism etc… All these things are evil or are caused by some evil. Satan was cast down to the earth by God and given rein over us all and is lurking in our own backyards, our homes, our schools, our tv’s, our computers, our churches, our government, so on and so forth… Is it right and Holy to take a child away from his mother who loved and raised and cherished his every hair on his head because of money and control – to be handed over to unaffectionate, mind controlling self-centered, alcoholic, greedy users and liars because of an emotional (mental) paranoid delusional breakdown, where no one was hurt or threatened – and all in all, no real crime was even committed? Some people just can’t handle the lies, cons, insults, abuse, deceit, cheating, negativity, and evil that is all around and in each and everyone of us. Whether a person is a theft, a liar, a bully, arrogant, jealous , a greedy gold digger or whatever… they are committing an evil act or a sin. Which in turn and in Truth is immediately caused by the dark force we know as Satan… Lucifer… the Devil… etc. All who are Christians and are of good heart should know this. This Cho guy needed help that, consequently, was overlooked and neglected. Things could have been different if he had a different support group and circle of friends and people who cared. If you are made to be an outsider, outcast, a loser, a nobody, the one who is looked down on because you appear to be different, quiet, odd, or what have you, then obviously that will beat down any one human being to the point of break. Take your life, anyone’s life, and take away everything you have worked for, or everything you have ever loved, and take away any dreams you have desired and picture yourself being stepped on, abandoned, abused, neglected, spit on, pushed around, laughed at, and throw in there some genetic pull. Society has a way with contributing to some of the issues amoung the mentally ill, the poor, the strange, the loner – and should take some blame. I have seen it myself. One tortured boy being picked on, walked on, insulted, taunted, to the point where I was the one who snapped and shouted at a crowd of spoiled, insensitive highschoolers who were harrassing this kid – after years of seeing it done and no one doing anything about it. If that would have been me, I would have probably taken out half the high school… And the blame should be put on the kids who pushed it to that point, the teachers who sat there and watched it, or listened, or even joined in on the jokes from time to time. I have problems myself but know when to gain control over my thoughts and emotions and actions. I have a conscious and a heart… But I don’t have money. I don’t have an IQ to be considered high. I don’t have an outgoing personality, style, class, talent, or great judgement. But I have strong faith in the Lord and hope that he will make me a stronger, smarter person who will eventually be succeessful in life and be able to provide for my children someday… so I can set a good example and see to it that they have all the help that is available to them, morals and values instilled, and so they can have something in life. God forbid any one of my children go through what some people have to. Blame the wrong doers… Not the ones done wrong. Yes, it was an evil act. And his soul is probably being punished – if it wasn’t punished enough already before he took his own life. But I don’t know anything about it… I don’t even watch the stink’n news. I just so happened to click onto this. I’m probably babbling for nothin. Peace, Love, & Happiness – God Bless!
posted November 4, 2007 at 4:22 pm
The basis of the argument must be firmly established if we are to engage in an honest and open dialogue, and the actual question we are debating is not ‘evil’, but does an individual enduring terribly painful psychosis have control over her or his actions? Does a person suffering from Diabetes I have control over her or his glucose levels? And after we determine an answer to that question, we must then define ‘evil’. If I murder an innocent victim at war is that evil? If I murder an innocent victim at home is that evil?
posted January 8, 2008 at 6:30 am
America, land of opportunity. What does this tell people? It says “Riches”? ” Land of freedom”? “Right to bear arms”? “Success”? How is this all measured? Jesus was very successful, wouldn’t you say. Was he a rich and powerful landowner or Dr. or Laywer? How did He measure success? Did He say how much hate can you have aganist another? NO. Did he encourage us to beat others up if they didn’t look like us? NO. He taught love and forgiveness. Even when a man asked him “How can I enter the kingdom of God?” He told him to give away all he had. The man couldn’t do it, for he had much. Our Lord moved on, he didn’t argue with the man, he didn’t tell him he was going to hell, or throw a fit because the man kept his “stuff”. They say people are not possesed. IS it eaiser to let satan in than God? NO. The question is who do you choose to let in? This man “choose” satan. I know this, for if he had choosen God no one would be dead. Evil eats you up, it corroupts your “MIND”, body and your soul. But it starts in your heart. WHO DID HE GIVE HIS HEART TO. SATAN!