This will be my last post for a day or so. I'm still down in Louisiana, but there are terrible thunderstorms, and a tornado warning has been issued for a nearby town. Probably time to shut down the laptop until I get back to Dallas tomorrow night. But before I sign off, I wanted to take a moment to mention how terrific the new
Mars Hill Audio Journal is. MHAJ is now available in MP3 format, so subscribers can download it straight into their iPods (it's also available in older formats). Once you get into Mars Hill, it quickly becomes indispensable for serious Christians who need to understand the intersection of faith and culture. I e-mailed a friend last night to tell him how terrific the new MHAJ is, and he responded by saying that he's been a subscriber since the beginning, "and it keeps getting better and better." (For a free downloadable sampling of the bimonthly MHAJ, go
here.)
I've listened twice to host Ken Myers' 25-minute piece on Philip Rieff, which includes extensive quotes from philosopher Stephen Gardner, and I expect to listen to it three or four more times to fully mine its riches. Here, in short, is its message. Rieff first made his name as an interpreter of Sigmund Freud, and you first have to understand how revolutionary Freud was to grasp how deep Rieff's insights into the culture of modernity were. Freud grasped that the power of religion and tradition to bind human behavior had fatally weakened. Generally speaking, he posited as its replacement the gratification of desire, especially sexual desire, as the telos, the highest goal, of society. What Freud, who was fairly conservative by the standards of the day, didn't foresee was that he was laying the basis for what Rieff labeled "anti-culture." If culture is that systems of symbols and values that serve to bind human action and channel savage passions and impulses into socially constructive ends, then a culture that prizes the fulfillment of desires -- and not merely socially approved desires, but
individual desires -- is destructive of the idea of culture in principle.
Moreover, in a culture (anti-culture) that locates human identity and dignity in an individual's desires, to disapprove of those desires is in some deeply felt way to negate the dignity of that individual. People in such a culture will tend to take it
personally if their desires are criticized. Rieff predicted decades ago that the culture of the future -- the one we're living in now, as a matter of fact -- would be marked by non-judgmentalism, emotionalism, and a cultural imperative to help people live as they wish to live (versus how they "ought," which is a meaningless concept in such a culture) without feeling bad about it. The therapeutic culture.
I listened twice to the Rieff presentation on my iPod on the drive down here, and it's been much on my mind since. Rieff's insights dovetail perfectly with Alasdair MacIntyre's diagnosis of our cultural fragmentation and the possibly terminal nature of it (how, MacIntyre asks, can we hope to live in a coherent and strong culture when we have come to comprehend the world emotionally, thereby denying an objective, commonly held authority to bind and loose?). Have we gone past a situation in which "the best lack all conviction, and the worst are filled with passionate intensity," into a situation in which even if the best
had conviction, it is very, very difficult to appeal to the masses on the basis of those conditions. I mean, we live in a media and commercial culture in which the fulfillment of individual desire is considered the highest possible goal. The propaganda that comes at people every single day seeks to detach them from any tradition and authority save for the Almighty Self (I am reminded of what a teacher I know who is an audiophile said recently about how his experience in a public school classroom has caused him to despise rap music: the aggressive sexuality, the violence, the valorization of the self and its own lawless desires that are celebrated in rap music are destroying the civilized community within the school, making learning -- key to the civilizing process -- impossible). MacIntyre believes that we might well be into a new Dark Age, in which people who believe in the virtues withdraw into communities within which those virtues make sense, and can be lived. I incline to his view. A gloomy thought, but it's a gloomy day outside.
Anyway, insofar as the problem of morality, culture and the common good is a central one in our time, MHAJ helps you think deeply about it, and is therefore an indispensable tool. I couldn't recommend it more highly.