This will be my last post for a day or so. I'm still down in Louisiana, but there are terrible thunderstorms, and a tornado warning has been issued for a nearby town. Probably time to shut down the laptop until I get back to Dallas tomorrow night. But before I sign off, I wanted to take a moment to mention how terrific the new Mars Hill Audio Journal is. MHAJ is now available in MP3 format, so subscribers can download it straight into their iPods (it's also available in older formats). Once you get into Mars Hill, it quickly becomes indispensable for serious Christians who need to understand the intersection of faith and culture. I e-mailed a friend last night to tell him how terrific the new MHAJ is, and he responded by saying that he's been a subscriber since the beginning, "and it keeps getting better and better." (For a free downloadable sampling of the bimonthly MHAJ, go here.)
I've listened twice to host Ken Myers' 25-minute piece on Philip Rieff, which includes extensive quotes from philosopher Stephen Gardner, and I expect to listen to it three or four more times to fully mine its riches. Here, in short, is its message. Rieff first made his name as an interpreter of Sigmund Freud, and you first have to understand how revolutionary Freud was to grasp how deep Rieff's insights into the culture of modernity were. Freud grasped that the power of religion and tradition to bind human behavior had fatally weakened. Generally speaking, he posited as its replacement the gratification of desire, especially sexual desire, as the telos, the highest goal, of society. What Freud, who was fairly conservative by the standards of the day, didn't foresee was that he was laying the basis for what Rieff labeled "anti-culture." If culture is that systems of symbols and values that serve to bind human action and channel savage passions and impulses into socially constructive ends, then a culture that prizes the fulfillment of desires -- and not merely socially approved desires, but individual desires -- is destructive of the idea of culture in principle.
Moreover, in a culture (anti-culture) that locates human identity and dignity in an individual's desires, to disapprove of those desires is in some deeply felt way to negate the dignity of that individual. People in such a culture will tend to take it personally if their desires are criticized. Rieff predicted decades ago that the culture of the future -- the one we're living in now, as a matter of fact -- would be marked by non-judgmentalism, emotionalism, and a cultural imperative to help people live as they wish to live (versus how they "ought," which is a meaningless concept in such a culture) without feeling bad about it. The therapeutic culture.
I listened twice to the Rieff presentation on my iPod on the drive down here, and it's been much on my mind since. Rieff's insights dovetail perfectly with Alasdair MacIntyre's diagnosis of our cultural fragmentation and the possibly terminal nature of it (how, MacIntyre asks, can we hope to live in a coherent and strong culture when we have come to comprehend the world emotionally, thereby denying an objective, commonly held authority to bind and loose?). Have we gone past a situation in which "the best lack all conviction, and the worst are filled with passionate intensity," into a situation in which even if the best had conviction, it is very, very difficult to appeal to the masses on the basis of those conditions. I mean, we live in a media and commercial culture in which the fulfillment of individual desire is considered the highest possible goal. The propaganda that comes at people every single day seeks to detach them from any tradition and authority save for the Almighty Self (I am reminded of what a teacher I know who is an audiophile said recently about how his experience in a public school classroom has caused him to despise rap music: the aggressive sexuality, the violence, the valorization of the self and its own lawless desires that are celebrated in rap music are destroying the civilized community within the school, making learning -- key to the civilizing process -- impossible). MacIntyre believes that we might well be into a new Dark Age, in which people who believe in the virtues withdraw into communities within which those virtues make sense, and can be lived. I incline to his view. A gloomy thought, but it's a gloomy day outside.
Anyway, insofar as the problem of morality, culture and the common good is a central one in our time, MHAJ helps you think deeply about it, and is therefore an indispensable tool. I couldn't recommend it more highly.

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Rjak, we could become friends. I was glad to see USC win, almost as glad as I was last year to see UT take the Rose Bowl and National Championship. And even though one of my grandchildren went to OU for awhile and another is destined for glory there I was pulling for the little guy last night.
When you referred to the Oneness Christian I had to smile. Few Christians and even fewer people know about them. For the unknowing the Oneness Christians believe that the only ones going to Heaven have been baptized in Jesus name only. That's emersed in water and no mention of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Jesus' name only because Jesus said so. Everyone else is Hell bound no matter how good of a person or Christian they might have been.
Without a God, I exist without any special purpose, which means I may give myself any purpose I like. Even if I elect to give myself a noble purpose, it is still essentially my own, and not something to which I am obliged.
Rjak, what is the difference between you as a Christian and your neighbor who isn't? Isn't it knowledge?
Your behavior is based upon your knowledge about your faith. Your faith-knowledge is the regulator of your behavior.
I'm no different. That's why people assume I'm a Christian all the time. I share their enthusiasm for life and I'd like to think I'm a good person and my demeanor reflects it. So Christians automatically assume I'm a Christian because they see the same morality and feel the kindred spirit.
Like you my behavior is regulated by knowledge-faith. This is true of everyone btw. Knowledge is the force that regulates our emotional impulses.
Christianity, by contrast, speaks to me in terms of "must" and "ought." God has a will for me, and I must follow it, deviating at my own peril. For me, I didn't truly embrace this (indeed, in truth I haven't fully embraced it even yet, but even St. Paul called himself "chief of sinners") until I was brought into submission to the Catholic Church. To accept that authority and bow my proud head before truth proclaimed infallibly was the most humbling experience of my life and I still sting from the blow.
Knowledge is the great humbler. I'm sure you've heard more than once, "the more I learn, the less I know." That's a paraphrase but a reality for all of us. Just like you I too become smaller as I become larger.
It's about realizing that there's something above and beyond you, yet at the same time deep, deep inside you. It's about the humility that conquers continents. It's really indescribable, frankly. Perhaps the best I can say in terms of why religion has such strong motivating power is to speak from my own life.
Now you're talking. It's what I've been trying to get Gretchen to say instead of falling back on quotes.
I'd like you to consider something. Look at others who are where you're at and they've arrived there without the benefit of the Catholic Church or even a belief in Christ.
The Dali LLama shares the peace and confidence of purpose that we see in the Pope and other holy men. Sages of all stripes reflect that same peace that comes with acceptance of place and purpose.
The big commonality is the acceptance of place and purpose. Look at people who reflect peace and happiness and you will see if you focus that they're happy because they accept their place and it has purpose.
Isn't that what your faith in Christ gives you?
Could it be possible that I'm there also?
Thanks again for the great replies. I especially appreciate your responses because they bring out the best in me. I like that.>
Compassion needs creed to tell it what to do.
You are correct that compassion (feel-with) does not dictate one's reaction -- only the attempt to understand/feel-with another person or group. And there are two ways to conceive of another's feelings and reasoning: one is projection; the other is empathy. But that's another discussion.
Compassion needs creed...
I'd expand/secularize that from creed to philosophy or virtue.>
Obsess much?>
Harvey,
"Rjak, we could become friends. I was glad to see USC win, almost as glad as I was last year to see UT take the Rose Bowl and National Championship. And even though one of my grandchildren went to OU for awhile and another is destined for glory there I was pulling for the little guy last night."
We certainly could, though cheering against my school in the Rose Bowl won't help. :) I was happy to see Boise State pull it out, though, that was a classic game indeed.
"When you referred to the Oneness Christian I had to smile. Few Christians and even fewer people know about them. For the unknowing the Oneness Christians believe that the only ones going to Heaven have been baptized in Jesus name only. That's emersed in water and no mention of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Jesus' name only because Jesus said so. Everyone else is Hell bound no matter how good of a person or Christian they might have been."
Oneness Pentecostalism definitely is a phenomenon that seems to me to be largely under the radar. If you (or anyone else still reading this combox) are interested in learning more about it, there are some interesting debates between Oneness & Trinitarian folks at http://www.goodpreaching.com/media/index.php?q=f&f=%2FDebates .
"Rjak, what is the difference between you as a Christian and your neighbor who isn't? Isn't it knowledge?"
To a certain extent, yes. Knowledge is important. However, it's more than that. There are things I know in my mind are wrong that I still do. There's also the Spirit and the power of prayer. Without those, I can know my moral theology as well as anyone and burn, and many of the most pious saints who are now at their rest knew little enough intellectually, but lived a holy life of faith to God. Knowledge is certainly important and needed, but even the demons believe - and tremble.
"Knowledge is the great humbler. I'm sure you've heard more than once, "the more I learn, the less I know." That's a paraphrase but a reality for all of us. Just like you I too become smaller as I become larger."
Certainly true. Right now, I'm starting to look into grad schools to attend in the area of early Christian studies, and the breadth of the field and depth of knowledge and research that is required to make a name for oneself really frightens me at times. I'm starting to learn (both in terms of scholarship and of faith) that I don't need to speak with a magisterial voice myself. For scholarship, there will always be a better expert than I, and for faith, that's what Holy Mother Church is for.
"The big commonality is the acceptance of place and purpose. Look at people who reflect peace and happiness and you will see if you focus that they're happy because they accept their place and it has purpose."
I'm not sure that's the only major commonality, but it certainly is one of them. Remember, though, in terms of what I'm saying about the power of religion to motivate, I am not neccessarily arguing for its truth. That's why I say any creed, even the demonic creed of the Thugees, can motivate more deeply than post-modern relativism. That's why I fear a showdown with Islam. I don't know enough politics to say whether or not its likely, but in a head-on conflict, the ones with the creed will usually win.
"Isn't that what your faith in Christ gives you?"
As I often find myself saying to you, yes, but. Yes, I certainly do find peace and purpose with the Christian faith. However, that's not all. I also find hope that, through the love of God, I may one day enter the company of the saints and, in the words of Julian of Norwich, "all will be well, and all will be well, and all manner of things will be well."
Beyond that, I would find neither peace, nor purpose, nor hope in the Catholic faith if I did not believe it to be objectively true.>
Remember, though, in terms of what I'm saying about the power of religion to motivate, I am not neccessarily arguing for its truth. That's why I say any creed, even the demonic creed of the Thugees, can motivate more deeply than post-modern relativism. That's why I fear a showdown with Islam.
I'd like you to think about something rjak. Isn't the failure of creeds their lack of relativism?
What you refer to as creeds work only in situations where simple black and white answers are acceptable. These situations are always situational and temporary.
Relativism works because it empowers the individual. It's about personal responsibility. It's about empowering the individual for life and all of it's challenges. Creeds don't do this, they're single focused and fail when the pressure isn't against that point of focus.
A classic example of this is Biblical teachings on child rearing. The Biblical answer to child rearing issues is "spare the rod and spoil the child" or as in Leviticus, "stone the little brat".
We know that violence begats violence and that beating the bejeezus out of the kids is counterproductive. The best and most successful forms of child rearing involve catering to the needs and personality of the individual. Every parent learns that from the get go. One child might react to a positive gesture and another might not. That's relativism in action, up close and personal, working.
You can extrapolate that to your relationships at work or even out to world affairs. Creeds fail because they're not designed to compromise, compromise is relativism.
Rod advocates creed for child rearing.
But he concedes to relativism at work and in his relationships with friends and family.
Why is that? Could it because he's forced to do so because he's dealing with equals? Isn't that relativism? Isn't it about negotiating because that's the only option available?
Now what is the best lesson Rod could give his children about life in the real world? Is it creed or would it be better to initiate them as early as possible to the rules and advantages of negotiating? Relativism?
Or even better, what would Rod want those nasty Iranian kids to be taught? Would he want them to be taught creed or relativism?
Good for the goose works for the gander and is especially benficial to the goslings alive and well.>
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