Crunchy Con

Rigorous fasting -- or starvation?

Thursday February 28, 2008

Categories: Orthodoxy
American exchange student lives with Coptic Orthodox family in Egypt, comes home half-starved: Jonathan McCullum was in excellent health at 155 pounds when he left last summer to spend the school year as an exchange student in Egypt. But when...
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Comments
Eric W
February 28, 2008 12:18 PM

Unless you're working downtown this Saturday, today is the last workday you can eat meat for lunch. ;^)

Fortunately, with Jason's Deli now on Main Street, their salad bar offers enough meatless/dairyless options (no cheese after next week) that one can eat out on occasion reasonably well over the next 8 weeks, unless one is going to be a stickler about any possible olive or other oil in their pasta salad, hummus or potato salad.

Franklin Evans
February 28, 2008 12:23 PM

I read the AP article on this yesterday. It is clearly a failure of the exchange agency (AFS) to properly vet host families.

Unless someone has a citation for this happening more than rarely, I'd also call this a non-issue.

allen
February 28, 2008 12:34 PM

It sounds like Jonathan's metabolism, developed as it was on American dietary habits and European genetics, simply wasn't prepared for the rigorous fasting of the Copts he was living with. It stands to reason that the Coptic Christians of Egypt today are genetically and developmentally suited to their fasting traditions. I doubt there was any intention on the part of the Egyptian family to harm Jonathan, but I also doubt they understood exactly how dangerous it was for him to observe their traditions so strictly.

simeon
February 28, 2008 12:47 PM

A parasite is probably as likely as anything. Consider this: normal American with normal sanitized diet goes to Egypt, contracts some kind of parasite and his system is not used to dealing with it. Tapeworm.

allen
February 28, 2008 12:52 PM

Presumably a parasite would have been detected during his post-trip medical treatment. The article makes no mention of one. Also, no one's body is actually "used" to dealing with tapeworms and the like. A parasite will adversely affect anyone's health, even if they're accustomed to a strict fasting tradition.

Charles Cosimano
February 28, 2008 1:06 PM

No matter what the cause, he certainly has grounds for a good, profitable lawsuit against the agency.

James
February 28, 2008 2:33 PM

allen, Copts here in the States follow the same fasting rules, and I know plenty of fat Copts. Kid either contracted a parasite or had an abusive host family or both-- has nothing to do with the religion.

allen
February 28, 2008 2:41 PM

I'm not saying it has to do with the religion, I'm saying it has to do with genetics and childhood development. Are the Copts you know immigrants or American converts?

Susan
February 28, 2008 2:48 PM

Need a medical evaluation. I'm guessing parasite, other illness, or psychological problem. (And/or abusive family.) If all the Copts expired in their teens of malnutrition, there wouldn't be any more Copts.

allen
February 28, 2008 2:56 PM

Susan, remember that this tradition has been held for well over a thousand years. The ones unable to survive the fasting without serious health problems would have died out a long time ago and not reproduced. Hence, the modern Copts are those descended primarily from people who were able to thrive despite the fasting.

Basic evolutionary theory on a very small scale.

Susan
February 28, 2008 3:24 PM

I still think we need a medical evaluation to rule out parasites, and a psychological evaluation to rule out abuse and/or psychiatric factors. Perhaps "evolutionary theory on a very small scale" would eliminate all of the above: people susceptible to parasites would die and that's the end of them, and the abusive or mentally ill, more of the same. But if this were my kid, I'd send him to the doctor.

allen
February 28, 2008 3:36 PM

Yes, but you're ignoring the fact that the kid DID RECIEVE a medical evaluation, was in the hospital for two weeks, in fact, and almost certainly had numerous follow-up visits after that. If there was evidence of abuse, mental illness, or a parasite, the article Rod links to makes absolutely no mention of them. But if the medical attention he recieved found evidence of any of these things, there'd be no need to bring up the fasts as a possible connection.

David J. White
February 28, 2008 3:48 PM

The fact that the host family claims that the kid ate like a horse also makes me suspect severe culture clash at best, or abuse and coverup at worst.

In any event, the agency clearly didn't do enough to prepare either the student or the host family for the experience.

Susan
February 28, 2008 3:50 PM

"McCullum says he was denied sufficient food while staying with a family of Coptic Christians, who fast for more than 200 days a year, a regimen unmatched by other Christians.

"But he does not view the experience as a culture clash. Rather, he said, it reflected mean and stingy treatment by his host family and a language barrier that made it difficult to communicate."

The kid was there. We weren't. He says he didn't get enough to eat, and that the family he was living with were "stingy." That implies that everyone else in the family got enough to eat, but he didn't.

allen, I've been trying to find goodwill excuses for these people, but you've driven me back to the original hypothesis, that this kid was mistreated. The rest of the family survived the experience. This kid wouldn't have. This was OK with them. Why was that? Evolution whatever, you can't repeal the laws of physics. It takes X calories minimum to maintain Y pounds. He wasn't getting anything like enough if he sustained this kind of weight loss. This isn't just dropping 10 pounds. This kid was going to die.

Maybe he was "evolutionarily" unfitted for these "fasts," and if so, Christians with common sense would see to it that he got enough to eat. Not just stand there.

I don't see that it's sensible to load this situation on Copts as a group, or on their religion. As people above have pointed out, there are Copts here and in Egypt who seem to be adequately nourished, as this family undoubtedly was. There's clearly a lot we don't know, but I'd trace it back to the individuals involved before I'd tag the whole religious tradition with it.

Bruce Geerdes
February 28, 2008 4:01 PM

Christians with common sense would see to it that he got enough to eat. Not just stand there.

I'd like to think Copts of the past would also see that their children got enough to eat, fasting or not. I don't see their evolving into a fasting super race.

allen
February 28, 2008 4:09 PM

Thinking on it, I think it's certainly possible that he was mistreated, though as McCullum himself says, he had difficulty communicating his needs to the host family. The host father's comments certainly raise red flags -- and the article specifically mentions that he was urged by friends to get out of the house he was staying with, a definite sign that his deteriorating condition was noticed.

I don't think the entire Coptic tradition is in any way "at fault" for this young man's condition, and I'm sorry if my comments have come across that way. If he was truly denied food beyond the demands of the family's fasting, then certainly they should be condemned for mistreating him.

I mentioned evolutionary theory only as a way of explaining how one person could maintain this fasting tradition with no ill effects while another would suffer from it. The assumption was that he wasn't being denied the same amount of food as the rest of the family, in which case I don't think they'd have been deliberately harming him. This may not be the case, however.

Sally
February 28, 2008 4:26 PM

To me, it's simple. If you hosted a child that was losing more weight than thought reasonable, wouldn't you contact his parents and the AFS? If the AFS was contacted and did nothing - I'd say they are simply not qualified to run such an organization. Simple as that. If, however, they were not contacted by the host family, then the host family either broke rules (for not contacting AFS) or there was no rule in place for such instances (any kind of illness resulting in the physiological change of a student WHATSOEVER!) You can't put this on religious beliefs. This is a common sence issue...and someone (or maybe more than one) chose to not to use it - or didn't have it. There were several lapses in judgement. But I can tell you this, I doubt I'd have my child go to a foreign country through AFS. I don't care how long they've been in business or how many children they place. They didn't handle this one AT ALL! Claiming ignorance isn't good or practical for them. ARe they to profess that, hey, once we place a student, that's it....we cut all ties? Do they do a follow-up during the year? Do they call the students? Do they provide counseling? Are the host families required to follow rules....or use common sense?

Insane Kitten
February 28, 2008 4:28 PM

So this family starved the kid, but now they won't Copt to it.
(Sorry, couldn't resist.)

Roland de Chanson
February 28, 2008 4:41 PM

Rod, Just a small point. You mention that the family is Coptic Orthodox but I didn't notice that when I had read the AP story. I would venture a guess that the family is probably not Orthodox (or even Catholic) but rather Monophysite, who comprise the vast majority of Egyptian Christians.

I don't know whether that means his symptoms should therefore be attributed to Mono.

(errr... sorry - I couldn't resist either)

(But the part about Monophysites I think is true).

allen
February 28, 2008 4:57 PM

It could be a useful catechetical tool: "Look kids, see how heresy makes you shrivel up and die?"

Bruce Geerdes
February 28, 2008 5:23 PM

From the article:

"McCullum says he was denied sufficient food while staying with a family of Coptic Christians"

Bruce Geerdes
February 28, 2008 5:25 PM

Never mind, I see Roland's point.

Susan
February 28, 2008 8:03 PM

Look. I have a foreign kid in my house who is in the process of losing one third of his body weight in only a few months, which any reasonable person would see is dangerous.

So what do I do now? Nothing? Allege that because he isn't tough enough to withstand my (alleged) religious beliefs he deserves to die?

So what if he isn't? ("Evolutionarily" ss per Eric.) That makes it OK to starve him to death? In furtherance of Darwin? HELLO?

In all fairness let's not park this on the Coptic Christian community in general or on their alleged religious practices. This particular family is off the wall, and maybe AFS is off the wall too for not checking on whether these folks had the resources to feed an extra child. And for not responding to danger signs.

And if the religious tradition of these folks really requires starving children to death? Please to cite passages in the gospels where Jesus says this is OK, not to mention virtuous.

Get a life. These folks are completely out of bounds by anyone's standards. Thank God the kid survived.

Anyone who thinks this is somehow Christianity has their head wedged.

Susan
February 28, 2008 8:04 PM

Eric/allen sorry

Atlantic
February 28, 2008 9:05 PM

This entire story strikes me as very weird. The figures given in the sotry work out to a loss of about a half a pound per day, and he looks anorexic-thin in the pictures. This young man is 17 years old, hardly a child. If the problem was just an abusive host family keeping him on a starvation diet, I find it hard to believe that any normal, healthy 17-year-old would not be screaming bloody murder within a week.

When I look at the images, and then read that the host claims the kid was eating a lot and constantly exercising, I have to say that the words "eating disorder" and "bulimia" cross my mind.

Matushka Anna
February 28, 2008 10:13 PM

Just one point I'd like to make: The Copts are by far not the only groups that fast around 200 days a year. The Orthodox Church in general does. I do. My friends do. And yet it would take two of this young man to equal me.

Logically, you have either of two scenarios: (1) The family is abusive in the sense of withholding food such that he loses a significant amount of weight in four months; or (2) This young man for reasons unknown, denied himself food and continued to exercise leading to significant weight loss. Trust me, parasites would have been one of the first things the hospital staff checked for on his return. Clearly, there was no obvious physical ailment to explain weight loss on its own.

Now, the family claims he ate like a pig and the student claims they starved him. I think the family must bear the burden of proof here, because anyone who was caring enough to see that he got enough to eat would also be caring enough to seek medical attention for someone so obviously emaciated. That they didn't points to fault on their part.

Just my two cents.


Roseanne Roseannadanna
February 28, 2008 10:32 PM

It's obvious to me that the Copts did it.

Why are we surprised? I mean, Copts are known for abusing teenagers. In fact, just this morning, a big fat Copt gave me a traffic ticket, claiming that my tag was expired.

Damned Copts.

What? Oh. Uh ... Nevermind.

Rod Dreher
February 29, 2008 7:45 AM

I think you meant "Miss Emily Litella".

fbc
February 29, 2008 10:47 AM

Now you see there -- anyone old enough to remember, would be old enough to forget the proper character name.

;^)

fbc
February 29, 2008 10:49 AM

And besides -- it just goes to show ya; it's always SOMETHING.

Kyralessa
February 29, 2008 11:28 PM

To an extend I can understand how this could happen. I lived in Romania for a year some years ago, and I walked a lot more than usual, and I didn't eat much. Near the end of that year, people I knew commented on how much weight I'd lost. I hadn't noticed. (I wasn't emaciated, though.) On the other hand, I'm shocked when I look at my wedding video and see how thin I was (I got married near the end of that year).

Based on the length of time, weight lost, etc., this kid would've had to have a 1600-1700 calorie deficit *per day* to lose that much weight. I don't suppose that's impossible, but I wish the media would quit talking about the fact that the family are Copts. No part of the Coptic faith, any more than the Eastern Orthodox faith, advocates starving one's guests. For him to lose that much, they definitely had to be starving him, not just feeding him fast-appropriate foods.

Kyralessa
February 29, 2008 11:29 PM

Er...to an *extent*, I mean.

anji
March 2, 2008 2:42 PM

As a citizen of this country I'm embarrassed that we have tried this Egyptian family in the press, with so little information coming from their side. I'm disgusted that mention of a lawsuit by the parents accompanied the first news items. Here is a student, who is just months short of attaining adult status in the eyes of the law. What are his responsibilities for his own health, even at age 17? They are immense. We would expect him to know not to have unsafe sex, not to drive while under the influence, and to loudly ask for help if he was not getting proper nourishment. The fact is, this child had a Facebook and Myspace presence, and was constantly in touch with his friends back home--though not his parents obviously. Egypt is a place where one can get food from a street vendor for pennies, shop at mini-marts, or eat American-style fast foods. If you think I believe he never dined out with friends, I do not. I'm angry we are being taken for a ride by this kid and his lawyer parents. They deleted his previously public internet journal of his Egypt experience, and now they have made his other internet presence private. I visited his myspace page before it was made private, and my impressions of him and his friends lead me to believe it is ludicrous to believe he could not find "anything under the sun" in Egypt. We are being hoodwinked, misled, and preyed upon by this family. I hope responsible journalism will show eventually that there is much more to this picture that has been told so far.

Anonymous
September 5, 2008 5:53 PM

They are a cult. My boyfriend's girlfriend has an associate that was invited to a party by an orthodox coptic member. She was out for a few hours after one drink and got a drug test. They found barbiturate which is used to put people in comas or used as a hypnotic drug. Similar situation happened with me when I was eating with them a few times and they were asking me questions all of the time. I first thought that I had the flu or not well but they actually put barbiturate in the food as a form of mind control manipulation. After they found out that I was going to report them, they beat me up. I got a sprained neck after being around them. If you do a google search coptic orthodox barbiturates you'll find an article about how the church founded the drug in the 1800s. This probably happened with McCullum's. And yes, they are strict. Coptic or the muslim version of Christianity in my opinion.

A Coptic Orthodox Christian
November 18, 2008 11:41 PM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church

Anonymous is clearly confusing the "Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church", a cult, with the "Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria" established in 42AD by Mark the Evangelist. The latter is not associated at all with the former. It is not clear to me why the cult decided to use "Coptic" to describe itself. Wikipedia has a brief page on the cult. I'm not sure, however, what Anonymous meant by "the Muslim version of Christianity." Anyway, I would recommend that he or she try to at least learn the basic facts about the faiths of the Middle East.

As for the original posting, I think it's clear that none of the posters have all the facts. If, however, the family had indeed a role, we, as Copts, would consider the act very sinful. As a cradle Coptic Orthodox Christian, who has spent the greater part of his life in Egypt, I know for a fact that the Coptic Orthodox Church never advocates starvation of its members nor of their guests. (My apologies to fellow Copts who might be offended that I'm stating the obvious). In fact, it doesn't take a theologian to judge such an act as sinful in light of even the most basic teachings of the Gospels. I would very much hesitate to attribute such attitude to any faith or community as a whole without serious investigation.

elizabeth
January 1, 2009 8:45 PM

i found two reports of incident of barbiturates which was founded by the coptic orthodox church (st barbara) in the system of victims.

elizabeth
January 1, 2009 8:56 PM

I have research coptic orthodox extensively and have found that they are a cult. Cults are unaware that they are a cult because they are raised to believe that there practices are correct when in fact they are far from the truth. st barbara founded barbiturates and i have found several cases of innocent people be drugged with this drug. And what i see posted on the comment page defending the church are coptic orthodox.

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About Crunchy Con

Rod Dreher is an editorial columnist for the Dallas Morning News, and author of "Crunchy Cons" (Crown Forum), a nonfiction book about conservatives, most of them religious, whose faith and political convictions sometimes put them at odds with mainstream conservatives. The views expressed in this blog are his own.

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