Founding Fathers were religious liberals
At least by the standards of their time, it seems. I've not read "Founding Faith," the new book by our Big Cheese Editor Steven Waldman, which he wrote after spending years hearing culture warriors of the left and right cherry-pick...
Odd that Dirda doesn't mention Hamilton, who was one of the more influential founding fathers. He was in the midst of setting up something of proto-Christian Coalition when he got himself killed in a duel.
Most of our founding father wer not truly born-again. Religion,whether it is liberal or conserative is not the heart of God. God only see the born-again as His children. We can be divided with liberism and conseratism until Christ return,all we are going to have is a lost ,divided generation. Let us get out of the worldly mode,and lead people to Christ.
Also, Thomas Jefferson published his own version of the Bible editing out all the supernatural events.
Derek Copold mentions the following above: "Hamilton, who was one of the more influential founding fathers. He was in the midst of setting up something of proto-Christian Coalition when he got himself killed in a duel."
That's interesting. Did Hamilton die by the sword by being contentious? Christians today enjoy living by the sword too. Look at how many Evangelicals unquestioningly supported the Iraq war, even after no WMDs were found. Did Hamilton die by the sword by being contentious?
Puritans were accusing each other of being witches to get land.
Protestants used the Bible to justify slavery.
I think that the Founding Fathers rightly understood that Christianity had become a cancer in Europe. Look at the Inquisition and the wars following the Reformation.
The Founding Fathers established a pluralistic society. Evangelicals don't get that at all.
Thank you Rod for posting this.
I support religious freedom. God knows I've tried out a few religions. But I strongly agree with Ben Franklin:
"The most dangerous hypocrite in a Commonwealth is one who leaves the gospel for the sake of the law. A man compounded of law and gospel is able to cheat a whole country with his religion and then destroy them under the color of law."
Just look at the GOP wanting to wire tap our phones so we don't question corporate power. Nobody loves Jesus like McCain or Bush.
The Founders also had the experience of the colonies to draw upon. My own maternal ancestor, Resolved Waldron, wrote that, "In a Christian land, Jews are burned, Catholics are hanged and Quakers are flogged." While there is no record of him ever getting to burn a Jew or hang a Catholic, he did get a number of opportunities to flog Quakers who had the misfortune to find themselves in New Amsterdam.
Underlying all their thoughts on religion is the theme, "Strong belief is the enemy of civil peace."
Let's not overstate the case. Central to the thought of many of the Founders - even the relatively heterodox ones - was the notion of religion as a bulwark against social disorder. (Even Franklin, one of the most irreligious of the founders, was very firm on this point.) See Washington's 1796 farewell address gives, I think, a pretty good summation of the consensus view:
Of all the dispositions and habits, which lead to political prosperity, Religion and Morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of Patriotism, who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of Men and Citizens. The mere Politician, equally with the pious man, ought to respect and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connexions with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments of investigation in Courts of Justice? And let us with caution indulge the supposition, that morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect, that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.
It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every species of free government. Who, that is a sincere friend to it, can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric?
(end quote)
One of the difficulties for us today is that we expect the founders either to be sincere secularists who believed secularism is good top to bottom, or the opposite. There's something moderately Machiavellian in the notion that religion is useful enough to encourage even if it's not well supported by the evidence, and this makes it unattractive for us because Machiavelli is out of fashion, but I think that's the best summation of what the founders (on the whole, with exceptions on the right like Patrick Henry and on the left like Thomas Paine) believed.
It's going a bit far to say that Madison framed the Constitution, but it is clear that he is responsible for the Bill of Rights (even the much abbreviated First Amendment - read the first draft, that Madison prepared). I actually wrote a term paper for my history class (Hist. of the Am. Rev., 300 level class) on Jefferson and religion, and studied his thought quite a bit. His work in getting Madison to put, essentially, a shortened version of the Virginia Staute into the Bill of Rights was influential. He was ambassador to France at the time, so he didn't have a hand in it, technically.
But yeah, Jefferson was about as liberal as they come. Deist...maybe. Certainly the label of pious infidel fits him well. He was the one who first used the "wall of separation" language (Danbury Letter). Madison was less radical, heavily influenced by Jefferson, but certainly a pluralist.
There's also a popular misconception that the separation of church and state was to spare the country from becoming a theocracy. While this was a concern, after dealing with the Divine Right of Kings in Europe, they were also concerned about the ways government can pervert religion. This was such a big problem in Europe that Protestants today still misunderstand and harangue Catholics over the issue of indulgences.
Fundamentalism, and its watered-down offspring Evangelicalism, is a product of Modernism, and 19th Century thinking. None of the Founding Fathers were fundamentalists, since there wasn't any such thing in that era.
Waldman concludes that the Founders had a "variety of views"...
no surprise there...
since these are the interpretations of the unreliable supernatural writings of superstitious ancient men...
confirmed by the explosive growth of "variety" of religion throughout the world since the times of the Founders...
yes...
there's no reason to expect consensus about Myth...
the absolute silence of the Absent God assures that...
faith hope love joy peace to all...
Forgive God...
The fairly obvious conclusion to draw is that the Founders did not see reason to require or believe in as rigid, as narrow, or as complicated a religious scheme as did most of their fellow citizens. To be elite in any age is to lean on fewer mental crutches than the rest.
We're surprised how? Why? Europe was not the place where Christianity was started. Jesus was not a Swede or Saxon. No matter how hard we try to take credit for the Cross, Europeans have proven over and over again, that the taint of paganism runs long and deep in our DNA. Looking at where the bastard child of the Enlightenment thinkers: "America," stands as a nation, it is not surprising that "the Founders" had such heretical cores. The Elite always drive away a moral compass that will show where they are in terms of Christ Jesus. Their followers show in kind. How typical our founders were in reality. Nothing more special than a citizen in the crowd at Lot's door. Biblical Prophets would have condemned them in part and parcel. In the case of the founders of America, it is shown conclusively that many were following the "different Gospel" that Paul, the Apostles and Disciples of Jesus wrote on without flinching. Jesus did not ignore American in His parables or prophecy. Look to the pile of chaff for the legacy of the wayward, "heterodox," founders. Massachusetts shows the evidence of their spiritual errors. And the dominoes are falling.
I agree with Waldman that the founders weren't strict Deists, but obviously Deism was a much larger influence on their thought than the various creeds and orthodoxies of Christianity. Rod often bemoans the modern prevalence of "Moralistic Therapeutic Deism" on this blog, but I tend to think the Founders would fit nicely into that framework, if perhaps with less emphasis on the "Therapeutic" part - so "Moralistic Deism" in the guise of cultural Christianity sums them up pretty well, and is generally how I'd describe my own beliefs. When I first learned about Deism and the Founders in my 8th grade Civics class, I thought it made a lot more sense than the Catholicism I was raised in. Nick Gillespie of Reason magazine recently made the point that libertarianism is less of a concrete political platform and more of a "philosophical marinade." I think Desim works in a similar way - it's not so much of a set of doctrines to be adhered to as it is a general philosphical/religious temperament.
We're surprised how? Why? Europe was not the place where Christianity was started. Jesus was not a Swede or Saxon. No matter how hard we try to take credit for the Cross, Europeans have proven over and over again, that the taint of paganism runs long and deep in our DNA
As if the places and peoples where Christianity did originate - the Middle East and Semitic tribes - are so much better? If the "paganism" of the founders lead them to defend the concept of religious freedom and come up with the Bill of Rights, then I'd say we could use a lot more of it.
Brian,
Hamilton got himself into a lot of duel, as the wiki page on the incident makes clear:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr-Hamilton_duel
James Monroe and John Adams faced off in "no shot" duels. Apparently, Hamilton intended to miss Burr, but Burr didn't know and thought he was taking a shot at him, so he wasn't trying to "live by the sword."
Look at how many Evangelicals unquestioningly supported the Iraq war, even after no WMDs were found.
Look at how many agnostic and atheist neocons supported the war regardless of WMDs. Bill Kristol and Christopher Hitchnes are two prime exhibits.
I think that the Founding Fathers rightly understood that Christianity had become a cancer in Europe.
Most of the Founding Fathers didn't hold that view. Most were like Patrick Henry, Charles Carrol of Carrolton or John Marshall: conventional Christians. A few even backed state-established churches. We did have them in the U.S. for decades after the Constitution had been ratified.
Massachusetts shows the evidence of their spiritual errors.
I'd say Massachusetts disproved Puritanism, to its eternal credit. Which the various continued reincarnations of Puritanism are unable to forgive, forget, ignore...or defeat.
Yes. The Puritans, in their way, were the religious liberals of the day. And two of the most liberal churches in the USA today are their lineal descendants. One is the Unitarian-Universalists.
The other one has been in the news a bit lately - The United Church of Christ. It's the church of Obama. And Rev. Wright.
The governance (i.e, the congregational polity) of both these denominations is still very similar to the form laid out by the Puritans in the Cambridge Platform.
Mr. Waldman was on Speaking of Faith the Sunday before (western) Easter. The entire, unedited interview is available at that web site.
SOF is probably the most articulate and intelligent serious public discussion of religion available at present. Tippett avoids throwing little bombs and stays away from the tiresome sterotypes and strawman arguments that too often show up on blogs and their comment boxes.
If you'd bother a little study of who or what truly undid and transformed the Puritans in Massachusetts, it didn't exactly happen on its own. Basically, Quakers showed it up to be hypocrisy- theocracy must inevitably censor and suppress its critics, burn books and pamphlets and finally murder them.
I'll point you to the Mary Dyer story (1657-1660) and how the Puritan government illegalized all those rights we see enumerated in the First Amendment to stop her. They had to hang her, finally, for no crime but speaking her mind to those who wanted to hear from her. And that was the deed that was fatal to their moral and worldly authority when it was heard of in the other colonies and by the British Crown. The First Amendment, the scourge of American theocracy, is the monument to that travesty and a similar later Quaker expulsion from iirc Virginia.
Boston was considered a city with a Quaker spirit for quite a few years, from the early 1700s into the 1850s. Benjamin Franklin secularized a good amount of Quaker observations. Much of Emerson's thought is informed by it too- he writes in his letters that what he calls "Selfreliance" is the same thing as the Quaker term Godreliance.
The Founding Fathers mentioned God in the Declaration of Independence, but didn't outright, (http://blogs.pioneerlocal.com/religion). It is interesting how many of the lines were not penned by Jefferson but added during the debate.
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