Remember "The Children of Men," the P.D. James novel about a dystopian future in which the human race has lost its fertility? I thought about it the other day in a conversation with a guy I'd just met. We were...
There are X amount of chemicals the government regulates and has set standards for, Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) or parts per volume, out of the X+bazillion chemicals created today. The MCLs are numbers derived from experimentation and environmental /health studies where the chemical is isolated as a variable. So chemical A will have a MCL of X1 and chemical B will have a MCL of X2. Individually, each chemical should pose little health risk over a lifetime of exposure at its particular MCL. However, there is little/no regulation concerning the presence of both A and B, but at concentrations less than X1 and X2 respectively.
This is why the recent* study finding multiple chemicals/drugs/hormones in municipal water supplies is very should have you worried.
*recent because there was significant media coverage, many people from various professions dealing with water quality, regulation, conservation have known this for years
aaron
May 2, 2008 6:40 PM
Note to self:
Compose all responses in text editor with grammar check.
Scot
May 2, 2008 6:50 PM
CCD in honeybees appears to be, for now, a combination of stressors and chemical inputs. Too much is going on in that little creature for her system to handle and so she is dying off. The few colonies I've kept never had those problems, mostly mismanagement on my part--or is it negligent husbanding?
Reader John
May 2, 2008 6:56 PM
I think the government did it on purpose to kill my people.
Scott Lahti
May 2, 2008 7:01 PM
"There is evidence that some chemicals work on some people synergistically." - Rod
Sounds a bit kin, wot, to the discussion arising from the ongoing discovery of polyphenols, flavonoids, &c., in food, and given megaphone amplification by Michael Pollan in In Defense of Food: the idea that whole foods contain within themselves complex and dynamic chemical ecologies among compounds we still understand but dimly, and which are obscured by the dissecting ideology of "nutritionism", which throughout the futurist C20 sought the relentless isolation and synthesis in the lab of individual compounds divorced from their interactive habitat - an analog, within nature's apothecary, of factory farming.
Susan
May 2, 2008 7:44 PM
I think that exposures to chemicals as well as our lifestyles have a definite impact on our fertility.
Interestingly, Traditional Chinese Medicine holds that environmental and lifestyle issues are major causes of infertility. Animals will not go into heat if they are under too much stress. Humans are no different.
I was told by a Western fertility doctor that I almost certainly would not get pregnant. The doctor said that my FSH was too high, and I was likely going into premature menopause. I consulted with an acupuncturist, who recommended that I make significant lifestyle and dietary changes. This included eliminating alcohol, caffeine, coffee (even decalf), processed foods, wheat, most dairy, and sugar. In six weeks, my FSH was normal, and I had never felt healthier. In two months I was pregnant.
My paternal grandmother had my father at age 43. My great grandmother had her last child at age 48. I think their lifestyles and environments (pure diets, fresh air, no exposure to chemicals) kept them fertile.
Lord Karth
May 2, 2008 9:51 PM
It can't be all that bad, at least not for everyone. I'm 44 years old. My stress levels are generally (according to my doctor) murderous, and I'm not one of the radical-back-to-the-land-in-Idaho sorts one reads about. About the only concession I make to the situation is an avoidance of processed foods. I drink Diet Coke like a fish, and I'm something of a coffee expert from drinking so much of it.
My fifth child just celebrated his 2nd birthday last month. Go figure.
Your servant,
Lord Karth
Charles Cosimano
May 2, 2008 10:22 PM
We're never that lucky!
elizabeth
May 3, 2008 12:30 AM
Last time I looked in to this, some time in the 90s, the only males on the planet not showing a decline in sperm count were the Finns. Anyone know if that is still the case?
In my business, we've worried about the cumulative impact of ag chemicals and endocrine disruptors for decades. When activists started objecting to recombinant growth hormone being injected in cows to increase milk production, we learned that dairy cows are routinely treated with up to 60 different meds, most of which have never been approved for such use.
Ag chemicals are routinely found in Midwesten municipal water supplies during the growing season. Even if you have an RO system for drinking water, you still bathe in the stuff. The chemicals can be absorbed through the skin.
All that said, Our Stolen Future has been known to play a bit (loose and hysterical) with the facts.
harvey lacey
May 3, 2008 7:53 AM
What if it isn't the evil of modern chemicals that's causing the low sperm count? What if it's something as simple as evolution? You know, we know we don't need to make so many kids anymore and the message gets through to where it counts.
I mean heck, the message of birth control might have finally gotten thorugh in spite of ourselves.
Salamander
May 3, 2008 8:29 AM
Well, I've had three babies in four and a half years. My husband is an avid cyclist; supposedly the constant wearing of spandex shorts and pressure from the bike seat cause low sperm count but that didn't seem to be a problem. We never had to "try" to conceive our babies; pretty much as soon as I weaned one, another one came along!
Then again, I come from good breeding stock. My grandmother had nine children; one of my great-great-great grandmothers bore an astonishing twenty-one children during a life spent moving about the frontier, hacking through the wilderness in covered wagons, fending off Indians and living in log cabins.
stefanie
May 3, 2008 10:07 AM
Remember that old movie with Dustin Hoffmann and Anne Bancroft, The Graduate? An older man at a cocktail/graduation party corners Dustin Hoffman's character and says one word to him, "Plastics!"
Or more precisely, xeno-estrogens. Plastics "shed" into food and water, especially if they're heated. The plastic molecules look something like the building blocks of estrogens in the body, and some think they have estrogenic effects. In girls, that would lead to earlier puberty. In men, feminization (including lower testosterone levels and sperm counts.)
Both phenomena are observed more frequently today.
We are in the middle of an ongoing "purge" of plastics in our household, as far as food preparation and storage go. What we've done:
- replaced plastic storage containers with glass (Pyrex) and Kerr canning jars.
- get rid of plastic drinking cups, juice pitchers, etc. and replace with glass.
- Don't put plastic items in the dishwasher, especially if they're softer plastic.
- I wish I had known about this when the children were small; I shudder to think at all the plastic cups, plates, etc. we used.
- we're trying to wean ourselves of plastic bags, but it's hard. Sandwiches for lunches I put in aluminum foil or wax paper (which apparently is very inert, unlike plastic.)
- We also got into the water bottle craze, like everyone else, but it's hard to find substitutes. (thermos?)
It's only when you start deliberately looking for non-plastic substitutes that you realize how ubiquitous plastic has become. And it's not just sperm counts that provoke worry, but all the other hormonal disruptions which seem to be plaguing both men and women, which may also be tied to xeno-estrogens.
J R Dittbrenner
May 3, 2008 10:12 AM
An added dimension for contention:
For every Y chromosome there are 3 Xs; the woman is the prototype human, there will always be more Xs than Ys. The egg cell is the largest in the body. Over 'geologic time' the sperm cell has degenerated to a 'shell' of its former self. It is still on that course.
Parthenogenesis happens in many vertebrates and in many lower orders. It has also has been recordered in late human studies. In the 1956 "Lancent" the British Medical Association in a 6 months study veried 19 such cases.
We all start with the same 'flesh material' but it is the Y that determens the sex. At one point in time we could be thought of as androgynous or hermaphroditic just as the ancients once thought.
Two adnormalities: Dermoid Cyst, malformed embryonic growths,i.e. fully formed extra human parts found in the male or female child or adult. These would be teeth, backbones, hair and other organs. The second adnormal effect would be Epoöphon or Parovarium. These are seccret or left over sperm producing cells in the female body that somehow become activated, i.e. "Gray's Anatomy".
Sincerely, J R Dittbrenner
mdavid
May 3, 2008 12:34 PM
harvey lacey, What if it's something as simple as evolution [causing low sperm count]...the message of birth control might have finally gotten thorugh in spite of ourselves.
It could be. Since the genetics of birth controlling cultures no longer select for high fertility, it makes no reproductive difference if sperm counts do fall. This certainly allows for random mutation towards poor fertility.
Of course, certain human genetics (Nigerians, Mennonites, etc. with TFR=5+) aren't playing the low fertility game. Since they are selecting for high fertility, they will quickly purge genetic proclivities towards low sperm counts from the future human gene pool. Nature does accept low-fertility "messages" (extinction) but the high-fertility messages always dominate the future discourse.
Karen Brown
May 3, 2008 1:04 PM
That makes the social Darwinism mistake (with at least Mennonites) that a belief system is genetic.
They don't select for high fertility, that's one of the things you can't select for, since the only way to know if someone is fertile, or not fertile, is to actually try to breed.
In other words.. Jane would breed a lot, Joan would only breed a little... Nobody can tell by LOOKING at them. The 'selection' for mating can only be based on fertility indicators like health and youth, and those don't indicate level of fertility (nor are they especially accurate.. very healthy, pretty, young people can be infertile, and somehow people in famine and plague ridden lands still somehow manage to breed).
So, by the time you KNOW one breeds like a rabbit and another doesn't, the mating selection has been made.
Since non-breeders don't, well, BREED, they don't engage in what the new gene pool will be like, except by their absence.
Finally, of course, none of this has a thing to do with MALE fertility levels anyway. They were traditionally 'chosen' (to the extent women could choose) for health and ability and willingness to provide for offspring.
On the other hand, if a low breeder (as opposed to NON-breeding) leads to offspring that are more desirable mating prospects than high breeder offspring, then LOW (though not NON) might become more the norm.
However, it is unlikely the current issues have anything to do with natural selection, and more to do with environmental factors like contamination of the watershed, exposure to chemicals, and the high use of, as noted, plastics which mimic estrogen.
Which actually would explain three whole different trends. High levels of certain cancers, female puberty starting at a younger age, and male infertility.
harvey lacey
May 3, 2008 9:34 PM
You might be right Karen Brown. But I think the three things you've mentioned could also be traced to our civilization (verb). Male infertility and early female puberty could both be the result of the messages we're given by society. Men aren't encouraged to be fertile and girls are encouraged to become a sexual object as soon as possible. As I understand it cancers start with damaged or weak cells. The numbers of cancers might have a lot more to do with us and a lot less to do with our environment.
I read sometime somewhere about a study showing the macho manual labor kind of man wasn't as good a lover as the cerebral sit down at work kind. It seems the manual laborer is wore out by the end of the day while the mind star has the physical reserve the real woman wants from her real man.
What would be interesting would be to find out where the baseline came from setting the standard for male fertility. If it was established back when manual labor was the work of the day it could explain some things. The way I see it the whupped slick when he got home male had to have all of his arrows equipped with hunting tips. Target practice while fun wasn't on the menu.
Now if we look at men today we could see where they could be generating as many potent arrows as their whupped slick predecessors. But since target practice is the name of the game most of the arrows don't need hunting tips. Men are producing just as much sperm. It's just that they're watering down the mixture to get it to go further.
Chris Vaughan
May 3, 2008 10:22 PM
I read a article once(can't remember where) that main point was that all the artificial hormones humans ingest, i.e. birth control pills, menopause meds etc. go into our bodies, we urinate them out and they in turn go into our treatments plants and back into the lakes. With the large number of women on birth control, I have heard that fish populations are falling, and we eventually drink the water again.
mdavid
May 3, 2008 11:52 PM
Karen Brown, That makes the social Darwinism mistake (with at least Mennonites) that a belief system is genetic.
There is not a whit of social Darwinism in my post. It's real simple: if a peoples have 5 kids average, the low sperm count men won't keep up and will slowly vanish over time. But in cultures controlling their fertility men can get away with fairly low sperm counts, so these men won't necessarily vanish.
A likely point of your confusion: not everyone today has low sperm counts, even men in the exact environment. Thus, low counts obviously have a genetic component in our case.
None of this is social Darwinism; this is plain old unvarnished Darwin. Don't make me go pull Darwin off the shelf and start quoting him again. Heck, we could demonstrate this with rats - social Darwinism my foot.
Karen Brown
May 4, 2008 1:17 AM
The 'social darwinism' is the idea that 'if Mennonites' (a social group, not a genetic one) breed more, then Mennonite'ism will be transmitted to the next generation.
And no, the 'low sperm count men' have no need to 'keep up'. And will not 'vanish' unless they don't reach replacement rate.
Unless the 'high sperm count' men are, say, killing them off.
There's regular sized deer, there's 'Key Deer'. The key deer population is smaller. However, somehow, there's still BOTH in the world.
Karen Brown
May 4, 2008 1:21 AM
Note, again, it is SURVIVAL of the 'fittest', not sheer NUMBERS of the fittest. One doesn't have to breed like a rabbit to survive. Its not a zero sum game.
Indeed, excessive breeding can cause a species to die out, by outgrowing their food source.
Karen Brown
May 4, 2008 1:29 AM
This is, of course, assuming even that the low sperm count is genetic at all. If it is environmental, than it is no more to be inherited than if one were to start cutting off a particular group's little finger.
aaron
May 4, 2008 8:30 AM
I'd suspect both, some men would be genetically predisposed to lower sperm counts under certain environmental conditions.
mdavid
May 4, 2008 1:00 PM
Karen Brown, The 'social darwinism' is the idea that 'if Mennonites' (a social group, not a genetic one) breed more
Huh? It is simply an objective fact that Mennonites in America breed more than average, just like it's an objective fact that Mormons breed more than average. You can look it up. When you do, welcome to reality.
Next you are going to claim that the sun rising in the east is "social Darwinism."
Karen Brown
May 4, 2008 2:56 PM
The Mennonites may breed more than the average.
But, Mennonite'ism isn't genetic, so that means nothing about SPECIES breeding rates, since whether its Muslims, Mennonites, Nigerians, or any of the other groups you want to bring up, they are ALL the same SPECIES.
You aren't claiming anything other than that, are you?
Karen Brown
May 4, 2008 2:59 PM
And that is what distinguishes between Darwin's actual theory, and what you are proposing.
If the Mennonites breed more, there may be more Mennonites the next generation. Who cares? There's more HUMANS the next generation. Assuming that 'more' is the only gauge of species success and survival.
If that is the case, as noted before, cockroaches are more successful than humans, and virii are more successful than ANYONE.
All prey are more successful than predators, and scavengers and parasites are the most successful. We can just turn that food chain upside down.
Assuming that 'more' is always 'better'.
Jillian
May 4, 2008 3:46 PM
There is not a whit of social Darwinism in my post. It's real simple: if a peoples have 5 kids average, the low sperm count men won't keep up and will slowly vanish over time. But in cultures controlling their fertility men can get away with fairly low sperm counts, so these men won't necessarily vanish.
This "logic" is so preposterous it's hard to ridicule. If you actually bother yourself with quantitation, groups with low average numbers of offspring actually select for descendants with high initial fertility over long periods of time. (See, for example, whales or elephants.) And high number of offspring groups exert far less selective pressure per individual, because a high degree of fertility failure doesn't matter or even turns out to be necessary/helpful. (See insects.)
The reason groups like Mennonites and Mormons have expanded is lack of economic competition. As better educated people from the Coasts and major cities increasingly take the high end jobs and then fill mid-level jobs, the local establishments really only have downward mobility to look forward to.
Sarah in Maryland
May 4, 2008 10:35 PM
It seems to me that low fertility rates are highest in highly developed nations. East Indians certainly don't seem to have a problem, except for the weathly few who live a more Western lifestyle. I know plenty of healthy couples who cannot get pregnant.
mdavid
May 4, 2008 10:43 PM
Karen Brown: I've completely lost what you are talking about, but it's not about my post. My point is a no-brainer: males with sperm counts lower than required to keep up with competitors will soon vanish from the gene pool, unless everyone else restrains their breeding. This is not even debatable.
Jullian, The reason groups like Mennonites and Mormons have expanded is lack of economic competition.
This is so obviously false I hardly know what to say. Or, as you would say, your claim is so preposterous it's hard to ridicule.
Mormons live side-by-side with lots of other religions, sharing the same economic conditions. Many live on both coasts, even in other countries. Yet they consistantly show higher birth rates, no matter where they live. Your theory is bunk.
Economics and breeding: In the US, there is an inverse correlation between economic advantage/eduation and breeding, along all income levels. The only known moderators to this are religion or cultural background, and the latter doesn't last long in modernity without the former.
Karen Brown
May 4, 2008 11:27 PM
MDavid, only if the reason for 'low sperm count' is genetic. Otherwise, that guy just bred at a lower rate than normal, and that is all it means.
Unless it is a trait that can be PASSED ON, it has as much bearing on the next generation as, again, cutting off someone's pinky finger.
AND only if they don't breed at replacement rate, which is just two kids.
Neither of which is the slightest bit proven. Last I checked, the low sperm count issue seems to be more environmental than genetic.
Therefore, again, it has no bearing on future generations.
Not breeding alot, being Mennonite, having a low sperm count, none of them are inherited traits. Therefore, they are not going to either overwhelm, or die out.
Again, assuming that breeding a lot is assurance that a particular group within a species won't die out.
If the 'green deer' breed to the point they outrun their food supply,they can very well end up dying out faster than a much lower breeding group.
Where does this idea that having bunches of offspring is always a positive for species survival?
Roaches have offspring in the millions. An elephant might have three in their entire long life.
There's still roaches.. and there's still elephants.
Karen Brown
May 4, 2008 11:28 PM
And all but the alpha pair of a wolf pack don't have offspring at all.
There's still wolves, too.
Again, you are talking of subsets of people demonstrating certain behaviors within a species. Traits that aren't even genetic in origin.
Therefore, this has NOTHING to do with evolution.
Jeannette
May 5, 2008 11:40 AM
Chris Vaughan,
I've also read about hormones in the water. Some male fish (trout, I think) are 'girly-men'. And then men drink the water.
What I've seen, anecdotally, is people contracepting during their fertile years, and then failing to conceive when they're older and have been taking the pill for 15 years. Duh. Those subcultures everyone's arguing about (Nigerians, Mormons, Mennonites) aren't contracepting. I bet Catholics who conform to Church teaching on contraceptive, also are more fertile.
I'm not entirely clear on these arguments you're making, folks, but I'm pretty sure fertility, and infertility, have a tendency to be passed along, or not passed along, to offspring, or a lack of offspring. However, medical advances have enabled infertile couples to have more children than Darwinism would allow. Therefore, infertility is now able to be an inherited trait for more of the population. Yes, limit your intake FD&C Yellow #5 or whatever, but don't wig out over it. Women today survive multiple c-sections so we don't die in childbirth, and bear more children who have problems with childbirth, ya know? Or, y'all do. I had all eight no problem, so don't fear for the future. My superior genes will win out in the end! (They're all good-looking and smart, as well as healthy and pro-life, so as long as civilization retains the ability to make glasses, it's a rosy outlook for us.)
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Rod Dreher is an editorial columnist for the Dallas Morning News, and author of "Crunchy Cons" (Crown Forum), a nonfiction book about conservatives, most of them religious, whose faith and political convictions sometimes put them at odds with mainstream conservatives. The views expressed in this blog are his own.
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Speaking of synergy:
There are X amount of chemicals the government regulates and has set standards for, Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) or parts per volume, out of the X+bazillion chemicals created today. The MCLs are numbers derived from experimentation and environmental /health studies where the chemical is isolated as a variable. So chemical A will have a MCL of X1 and chemical B will have a MCL of X2. Individually, each chemical should pose little health risk over a lifetime of exposure at its particular MCL. However, there is little/no regulation concerning the presence of both A and B, but at concentrations less than X1 and X2 respectively.
This is why the recent* study finding multiple chemicals/drugs/hormones in municipal water supplies is very should have you worried.
*recent because there was significant media coverage, many people from various professions dealing with water quality, regulation, conservation have known this for years
Note to self:
Compose all responses in text editor with grammar check.
CCD in honeybees appears to be, for now, a combination of stressors and chemical inputs. Too much is going on in that little creature for her system to handle and so she is dying off. The few colonies I've kept never had those problems, mostly mismanagement on my part--or is it negligent husbanding?
I think the government did it on purpose to kill my people.
"There is evidence that some chemicals work on some people synergistically." - Rod
Sounds a bit kin, wot, to the discussion arising from the ongoing discovery of polyphenols, flavonoids, &c., in food, and given megaphone amplification by Michael Pollan in In Defense of Food: the idea that whole foods contain within themselves complex and dynamic chemical ecologies among compounds we still understand but dimly, and which are obscured by the dissecting ideology of "nutritionism", which throughout the futurist C20 sought the relentless isolation and synthesis in the lab of individual compounds divorced from their interactive habitat - an analog, within nature's apothecary, of factory farming.
I think that exposures to chemicals as well as our lifestyles have a definite impact on our fertility.
Interestingly, Traditional Chinese Medicine holds that environmental and lifestyle issues are major causes of infertility. Animals will not go into heat if they are under too much stress. Humans are no different.
I was told by a Western fertility doctor that I almost certainly would not get pregnant. The doctor said that my FSH was too high, and I was likely going into premature menopause. I consulted with an acupuncturist, who recommended that I make significant lifestyle and dietary changes. This included eliminating alcohol, caffeine, coffee (even decalf), processed foods, wheat, most dairy, and sugar. In six weeks, my FSH was normal, and I had never felt healthier. In two months I was pregnant.
My paternal grandmother had my father at age 43. My great grandmother had her last child at age 48. I think their lifestyles and environments (pure diets, fresh air, no exposure to chemicals) kept them fertile.
It can't be all that bad, at least not for everyone. I'm 44 years old. My stress levels are generally (according to my doctor) murderous, and I'm not one of the radical-back-to-the-land-in-Idaho sorts one reads about. About the only concession I make to the situation is an avoidance of processed foods. I drink Diet Coke like a fish, and I'm something of a coffee expert from drinking so much of it.
My fifth child just celebrated his 2nd birthday last month. Go figure.
Your servant,
Lord Karth
We're never that lucky!
Last time I looked in to this, some time in the 90s, the only males on the planet not showing a decline in sperm count were the Finns. Anyone know if that is still the case?
In my business, we've worried about the cumulative impact of ag chemicals and endocrine disruptors for decades. When activists started objecting to recombinant growth hormone being injected in cows to increase milk production, we learned that dairy cows are routinely treated with up to 60 different meds, most of which have never been approved for such use.
Ag chemicals are routinely found in Midwesten municipal water supplies during the growing season. Even if you have an RO system for drinking water, you still bathe in the stuff. The chemicals can be absorbed through the skin.
All that said, Our Stolen Future has been known to play a bit (loose and hysterical) with the facts.
What if it isn't the evil of modern chemicals that's causing the low sperm count? What if it's something as simple as evolution? You know, we know we don't need to make so many kids anymore and the message gets through to where it counts.
I mean heck, the message of birth control might have finally gotten thorugh in spite of ourselves.
Well, I've had three babies in four and a half years. My husband is an avid cyclist; supposedly the constant wearing of spandex shorts and pressure from the bike seat cause low sperm count but that didn't seem to be a problem. We never had to "try" to conceive our babies; pretty much as soon as I weaned one, another one came along!
Then again, I come from good breeding stock. My grandmother had nine children; one of my great-great-great grandmothers bore an astonishing twenty-one children during a life spent moving about the frontier, hacking through the wilderness in covered wagons, fending off Indians and living in log cabins.
Remember that old movie with Dustin Hoffmann and Anne Bancroft, The Graduate? An older man at a cocktail/graduation party corners Dustin Hoffman's character and says one word to him, "Plastics!"
Or more precisely, xeno-estrogens. Plastics "shed" into food and water, especially if they're heated. The plastic molecules look something like the building blocks of estrogens in the body, and some think they have estrogenic effects. In girls, that would lead to earlier puberty. In men, feminization (including lower testosterone levels and sperm counts.)
Both phenomena are observed more frequently today.
We are in the middle of an ongoing "purge" of plastics in our household, as far as food preparation and storage go. What we've done:
- replaced plastic storage containers with glass (Pyrex) and Kerr canning jars.
- get rid of plastic drinking cups, juice pitchers, etc. and replace with glass.
- Don't put plastic items in the dishwasher, especially if they're softer plastic.
- I wish I had known about this when the children were small; I shudder to think at all the plastic cups, plates, etc. we used.
- we're trying to wean ourselves of plastic bags, but it's hard. Sandwiches for lunches I put in aluminum foil or wax paper (which apparently is very inert, unlike plastic.)
- We also got into the water bottle craze, like everyone else, but it's hard to find substitutes. (thermos?)
It's only when you start deliberately looking for non-plastic substitutes that you realize how ubiquitous plastic has become. And it's not just sperm counts that provoke worry, but all the other hormonal disruptions which seem to be plaguing both men and women, which may also be tied to xeno-estrogens.
An added dimension for contention:
For every Y chromosome there are 3 Xs; the woman is the prototype human, there will always be more Xs than Ys. The egg cell is the largest in the body. Over 'geologic time' the sperm cell has degenerated to a 'shell' of its former self. It is still on that course.
Parthenogenesis happens in many vertebrates and in many lower orders. It has also has been recordered in late human studies. In the 1956 "Lancent" the British Medical Association in a 6 months study veried 19 such cases.
We all start with the same 'flesh material' but it is the Y that determens the sex. At one point in time we could be thought of as androgynous or hermaphroditic just as the ancients once thought.
Two adnormalities: Dermoid Cyst, malformed embryonic growths,i.e. fully formed extra human parts found in the male or female child or adult. These would be teeth, backbones, hair and other organs. The second adnormal effect would be Epoöphon or Parovarium. These are seccret or left over sperm producing cells in the female body that somehow become activated, i.e. "Gray's Anatomy".
Sincerely, J R Dittbrenner
harvey lacey, What if it's something as simple as evolution [causing low sperm count]...the message of birth control might have finally gotten thorugh in spite of ourselves.
It could be. Since the genetics of birth controlling cultures no longer select for high fertility, it makes no reproductive difference if sperm counts do fall. This certainly allows for random mutation towards poor fertility.
Of course, certain human genetics (Nigerians, Mennonites, etc. with TFR=5+) aren't playing the low fertility game. Since they are selecting for high fertility, they will quickly purge genetic proclivities towards low sperm counts from the future human gene pool. Nature does accept low-fertility "messages" (extinction) but the high-fertility messages always dominate the future discourse.
That makes the social Darwinism mistake (with at least Mennonites) that a belief system is genetic.
They don't select for high fertility, that's one of the things you can't select for, since the only way to know if someone is fertile, or not fertile, is to actually try to breed.
In other words.. Jane would breed a lot, Joan would only breed a little... Nobody can tell by LOOKING at them. The 'selection' for mating can only be based on fertility indicators like health and youth, and those don't indicate level of fertility (nor are they especially accurate.. very healthy, pretty, young people can be infertile, and somehow people in famine and plague ridden lands still somehow manage to breed).
So, by the time you KNOW one breeds like a rabbit and another doesn't, the mating selection has been made.
Since non-breeders don't, well, BREED, they don't engage in what the new gene pool will be like, except by their absence.
Finally, of course, none of this has a thing to do with MALE fertility levels anyway. They were traditionally 'chosen' (to the extent women could choose) for health and ability and willingness to provide for offspring.
On the other hand, if a low breeder (as opposed to NON-breeding) leads to offspring that are more desirable mating prospects than high breeder offspring, then LOW (though not NON) might become more the norm.
However, it is unlikely the current issues have anything to do with natural selection, and more to do with environmental factors like contamination of the watershed, exposure to chemicals, and the high use of, as noted, plastics which mimic estrogen.
Which actually would explain three whole different trends. High levels of certain cancers, female puberty starting at a younger age, and male infertility.
You might be right Karen Brown. But I think the three things you've mentioned could also be traced to our civilization (verb). Male infertility and early female puberty could both be the result of the messages we're given by society. Men aren't encouraged to be fertile and girls are encouraged to become a sexual object as soon as possible. As I understand it cancers start with damaged or weak cells. The numbers of cancers might have a lot more to do with us and a lot less to do with our environment.
I read sometime somewhere about a study showing the macho manual labor kind of man wasn't as good a lover as the cerebral sit down at work kind. It seems the manual laborer is wore out by the end of the day while the mind star has the physical reserve the real woman wants from her real man.
What would be interesting would be to find out where the baseline came from setting the standard for male fertility. If it was established back when manual labor was the work of the day it could explain some things. The way I see it the whupped slick when he got home male had to have all of his arrows equipped with hunting tips. Target practice while fun wasn't on the menu.
Now if we look at men today we could see where they could be generating as many potent arrows as their whupped slick predecessors. But since target practice is the name of the game most of the arrows don't need hunting tips. Men are producing just as much sperm. It's just that they're watering down the mixture to get it to go further.
I read a article once(can't remember where) that main point was that all the artificial hormones humans ingest, i.e. birth control pills, menopause meds etc. go into our bodies, we urinate them out and they in turn go into our treatments plants and back into the lakes. With the large number of women on birth control, I have heard that fish populations are falling, and we eventually drink the water again.
Karen Brown, That makes the social Darwinism mistake (with at least Mennonites) that a belief system is genetic.
There is not a whit of social Darwinism in my post. It's real simple: if a peoples have 5 kids average, the low sperm count men won't keep up and will slowly vanish over time. But in cultures controlling their fertility men can get away with fairly low sperm counts, so these men won't necessarily vanish.
A likely point of your confusion: not everyone today has low sperm counts, even men in the exact environment. Thus, low counts obviously have a genetic component in our case.
None of this is social Darwinism; this is plain old unvarnished Darwin. Don't make me go pull Darwin off the shelf and start quoting him again. Heck, we could demonstrate this with rats - social Darwinism my foot.
The 'social darwinism' is the idea that 'if Mennonites' (a social group, not a genetic one) breed more, then Mennonite'ism will be transmitted to the next generation.
And no, the 'low sperm count men' have no need to 'keep up'. And will not 'vanish' unless they don't reach replacement rate.
Unless the 'high sperm count' men are, say, killing them off.
There's regular sized deer, there's 'Key Deer'. The key deer population is smaller. However, somehow, there's still BOTH in the world.
Note, again, it is SURVIVAL of the 'fittest', not sheer NUMBERS of the fittest. One doesn't have to breed like a rabbit to survive. Its not a zero sum game.
Indeed, excessive breeding can cause a species to die out, by outgrowing their food source.
This is, of course, assuming even that the low sperm count is genetic at all. If it is environmental, than it is no more to be inherited than if one were to start cutting off a particular group's little finger.
I'd suspect both, some men would be genetically predisposed to lower sperm counts under certain environmental conditions.
Karen Brown, The 'social darwinism' is the idea that 'if Mennonites' (a social group, not a genetic one) breed more
Huh? It is simply an objective fact that Mennonites in America breed more than average, just like it's an objective fact that Mormons breed more than average. You can look it up. When you do, welcome to reality.
Next you are going to claim that the sun rising in the east is "social Darwinism."
The Mennonites may breed more than the average.
But, Mennonite'ism isn't genetic, so that means nothing about SPECIES breeding rates, since whether its Muslims, Mennonites, Nigerians, or any of the other groups you want to bring up, they are ALL the same SPECIES.
You aren't claiming anything other than that, are you?
And that is what distinguishes between Darwin's actual theory, and what you are proposing.
If the Mennonites breed more, there may be more Mennonites the next generation. Who cares? There's more HUMANS the next generation. Assuming that 'more' is the only gauge of species success and survival.
If that is the case, as noted before, cockroaches are more successful than humans, and virii are more successful than ANYONE.
All prey are more successful than predators, and scavengers and parasites are the most successful. We can just turn that food chain upside down.
Assuming that 'more' is always 'better'.
There is not a whit of social Darwinism in my post. It's real simple: if a peoples have 5 kids average, the low sperm count men won't keep up and will slowly vanish over time. But in cultures controlling their fertility men can get away with fairly low sperm counts, so these men won't necessarily vanish.
This "logic" is so preposterous it's hard to ridicule. If you actually bother yourself with quantitation, groups with low average numbers of offspring actually select for descendants with high initial fertility over long periods of time. (See, for example, whales or elephants.) And high number of offspring groups exert far less selective pressure per individual, because a high degree of fertility failure doesn't matter or even turns out to be necessary/helpful. (See insects.)
The reason groups like Mennonites and Mormons have expanded is lack of economic competition. As better educated people from the Coasts and major cities increasingly take the high end jobs and then fill mid-level jobs, the local establishments really only have downward mobility to look forward to.
It seems to me that low fertility rates are highest in highly developed nations. East Indians certainly don't seem to have a problem, except for the weathly few who live a more Western lifestyle. I know plenty of healthy couples who cannot get pregnant.
Karen Brown: I've completely lost what you are talking about, but it's not about my post. My point is a no-brainer: males with sperm counts lower than required to keep up with competitors will soon vanish from the gene pool, unless everyone else restrains their breeding. This is not even debatable.
Jullian, The reason groups like Mennonites and Mormons have expanded is lack of economic competition.
This is so obviously false I hardly know what to say. Or, as you would say, your claim is so preposterous it's hard to ridicule.
Mormons live side-by-side with lots of other religions, sharing the same economic conditions. Many live on both coasts, even in other countries. Yet they consistantly show higher birth rates, no matter where they live. Your theory is bunk.
Economics and breeding: In the US, there is an inverse correlation between economic advantage/eduation and breeding, along all income levels. The only known moderators to this are religion or cultural background, and the latter doesn't last long in modernity without the former.
MDavid, only if the reason for 'low sperm count' is genetic. Otherwise, that guy just bred at a lower rate than normal, and that is all it means.
Unless it is a trait that can be PASSED ON, it has as much bearing on the next generation as, again, cutting off someone's pinky finger.
AND only if they don't breed at replacement rate, which is just two kids.
Neither of which is the slightest bit proven. Last I checked, the low sperm count issue seems to be more environmental than genetic.
Therefore, again, it has no bearing on future generations.
Not breeding alot, being Mennonite, having a low sperm count, none of them are inherited traits. Therefore, they are not going to either overwhelm, or die out.
Again, assuming that breeding a lot is assurance that a particular group within a species won't die out.
If the 'green deer' breed to the point they outrun their food supply,they can very well end up dying out faster than a much lower breeding group.
Where does this idea that having bunches of offspring is always a positive for species survival?
Roaches have offspring in the millions. An elephant might have three in their entire long life.
There's still roaches.. and there's still elephants.
And all but the alpha pair of a wolf pack don't have offspring at all.
There's still wolves, too.
Again, you are talking of subsets of people demonstrating certain behaviors within a species. Traits that aren't even genetic in origin.
Therefore, this has NOTHING to do with evolution.
Chris Vaughan,
I've also read about hormones in the water. Some male fish (trout, I think) are 'girly-men'. And then men drink the water.
What I've seen, anecdotally, is people contracepting during their fertile years, and then failing to conceive when they're older and have been taking the pill for 15 years. Duh. Those subcultures everyone's arguing about (Nigerians, Mormons, Mennonites) aren't contracepting. I bet Catholics who conform to Church teaching on contraceptive, also are more fertile.
I'm not entirely clear on these arguments you're making, folks, but I'm pretty sure fertility, and infertility, have a tendency to be passed along, or not passed along, to offspring, or a lack of offspring. However, medical advances have enabled infertile couples to have more children than Darwinism would allow. Therefore, infertility is now able to be an inherited trait for more of the population. Yes, limit your intake FD&C Yellow #5 or whatever, but don't wig out over it. Women today survive multiple c-sections so we don't die in childbirth, and bear more children who have problems with childbirth, ya know? Or, y'all do. I had all eight no problem, so don't fear for the future. My superior genes will win out in the end! (They're all good-looking and smart, as well as healthy and pro-life, so as long as civilization retains the ability to make glasses, it's a rosy outlook for us.)
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