The phrase "unelected judges" has been used for a while as a pejorative on the right; it's supposed to imply powerful people with little accountability who reshape law according to their own shadowy agendas, and while it has some basis in some of the legal precedents set in the twentieth century, I've always thought that the "unelected" part of the phrase was really the least important aspect of the problem of judicial power.
Texas is one of the 39 states in which judges are elected, which means that judges in our state will now have to pay close attention to yesterday's Supreme Court ruling on judges and influence:
WASHINGTON (AP) -- The Supreme Court ruled Monday that elected judges must step aside from cases when large campaign contributions from interested parties create the appearance of bias.
By a 5-4 vote in a case from West Virginia, the court said that a judge who remained involved in a lawsuit filed against the company of the most generous supporter of his election deprived the other side of the constitutional right to a fair hearing.''Just as no man is allowed to be a judge in his own cause, similar fears of bias can arise when -- without the consent of the other parties -- a man chooses the judge in his own cause,'' Justice Anthony Kennedy said for the court.
With multimillion-dollar judicial election campaigns on the rise, the court's decision Monday could have widespread significance. Justice at Stake, which tracks campaign spending in judicial elections, says judges are elected in 39 states and that candidates for the highest state courts have raised more than $168 million since 2000.
My honest opinion is that we shouldn't elect judges, period. I know that may surprise some, as it's not a position usually identified with conservatives, but having participated in elections which involve judicial candidates I've come to an inescapable conclusion that electing judges is a bad idea.
More:
First, there's that issue of campaign finance and bias. The SCOTUS decision puts greater pressure on judges to excuse themselves when there's the perception that they might be biased in favor of a campaign supporter, a decision I support--yet I think it also creates a new way to nullify a judge's decision; if a losing party to a case can show that a judge received a significant contribution from anyone even associated with the winning party the losing party can point to this decision to demand a new trial. Unlike the kinds of biases for which judges routinely recuse themselves, too, a campaign contribution connection to one of the parties in the case may not be obvious at first; the judge himself might not even know that some subsidiary of one party or other has been a significant donor.
Second, there's the issue that election campaigning isn't always the best use of a judge's time. We expect our judges to handle a lot of cases in a given year, and the need, in a hotly-contested race, to make speeches, travel to meet with constituent groups, give access to the media for interviews etc. means a portion, possibly a large one, of the judge's time and attention during an election year are going to be demanded by the campaign itself.
Third, and this is the one that bothers me the most, it's very difficult to make an informed and intelligent decision about a judicial candidate on the ballot in an election. Politicians in other races make their opinions on issues, policies, etc. known clearly before an election, and a little careful reading and research is enough to permit a conscientious voter to select candidates he or she really supports. But judges aren't even supposed to voice opinions on issues, as this could interfere with their need to be unbiased and impartial in deciding cases; and merely reading a judge's campaign material provides little information. If he says he's "tough on crime," for instance, does that mean that he's a death penalty advocate, something which I wouldn't support, or that he's committed to harsher sentences for repeat offenders in violent crimes, something which I would?
Even hours of research has sometimes left me with little sense of what a particular judge is really like--and I end up getting the sense that one is merely supposed to note the "R" or the "D" next to the judge's name and vote accordingly. That may be fine for straight-ticket voters, but it doesn't work for me. I take voting seriously, and won't vote for someone I know little to nothing about; if information about judicial races in my area isn't available, I often leave the ballot blank by those names.
Some on the right would claim that even with these drawbacks, it's still better to have elected judges than unelected ones--the perception that judges we don't elect aren't accountable to anybody remains. I say that we solve that problem in two ways: strict term limits for appointed judges, and a healthy return to the practice of impeachment for judges who have overstepped their authority--a process with which we can hold accountable those elected officials who appoint the judges.

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I live in Illinois, where a large proportion of judges in trial and appellate courts are elected. As a result, the ballots in Cook County are often long enough to trip over. NOBODY can possibly know something useful about everybody on the ballot. The bar associations do a good job at evaluating the judicial candidates who submit themselves for evaluation. And a lot of people probably do what many of my friends do--call some lawyer friend and ask him/her for personal observations of any judge s/he has actually been in front of. A lot of voters probably do what I do--follow the bar association list, plus any personal observations of lawyers they know. But it really isn't enough.
I don't know that Illinois judges are worse than judges elsewhere. I don't even know for sure that the ELECTED Illinois judges are worse than the APPOINTED Illinois judges (roughly 40% of the total.) I do know that the process of electing them makes a lot of voters feel stupid and imposed on.
Until recently, judicial elections in Illinois have not involved much money, or much campaign publicity. But I applaud the recent SCOTUS decision requiring an elected judge to recuse her/himself from any case involving a major contributor to his/her campaign. Maybe that will push Illinois into what liberals in this state call "merit selection" and away from electing judges. I eagerly await this result.
I don't know the answer to this question. I am a lawyer licensed in three states. One has been with appointment since I was admitted in 1975. Another has had a practice of an initial contested election for Circuit Judges with retention votes every six years thereafter. Around 1996, it appears that an initial appointment from the Supreme Court became customary. That appointee was subsequently required a few months later to run in a contested election. This appears to be that state's de facto screening process. However, it also has had its detractors. Numerous complaints of political patronage have been made. The third (Texas), as outlined above, has elections. Frankly, I prefer the election process. To me, it keeps the judiciary more in touch with the public. But regardless of your opinion, Texas most likely will not change its process. Texas went from one of the most litigious states in the nation to arguably one of the least with the tort reform laws implemented with the Bush phenomenon. The situation now appears to be slowly moving to return to litigation. With no unanimity between the Republican corporate business sector and the advancing Democratic consumer/personal injury plaintffs sector, I am very pessimistic any changes will occur.
In the past election (November 08), there were four judges up for retention vote that were on my ballot (Broward County, Florida).
All were retained. The percentages of "yes" votes were as follow: 75.32%, 75.14%, 75.54%, 76.98%.
I would submit that the nearly identical results primarily were due to voters not having any idea the basis for their vote and casting either all their votes in favor of retention or the opposite.
Hardly a good way to determine who sits on the bench.
DTH has a very good point. Retention elections are virtually an avenue to lifetime tenure. Removal of state appointed judges also seems extremely rare. Due to these facts, the contested election of judges appears to be the only effective avenue for any degree of accountability to the public (electorate).
Debatepedia has a good pro/con article on the topic of electing judges that might be valuable to this article.
http://wiki.idebate.org/index.php/Debate:_Election_of_judges
I think the most powerful arguments in favor of appointing judges is that it shields judges from the distraction of the election process, the biases and conflicts of interests that can follow with campaign donors, and it is sufficiently democratic in the sense that elected officials have to appoint and confirm judges (just like many other appointees).
Best,
Brooks
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