Jesus Creed

Jesus Creed

8 Little Foxes that Spoil the Church’s Vines 4

posted by Scot McKnight | 5:48am Monday November 16, 2009

Fox.jpgIn my view, one of the most pressing issues in our day is what I would call moral awareness. I don”t mean that people aren’t aware of what they think or believe; what I mean is a lack of awareness of how people make moral decisions. This post raises this issue:


In their new book, Hidden Worldviews: Eight Cultural Stories That Shape Our Lives
, Steve Wilkens and Mark Sanford examine cultural scripts that work against the gospel work in the Church. In many ways this book overlaps with Greg Boyd’s book, which we have already posted about, so I’m shifting our attention away from Boyd’s book to Wilkens and Sanford.
Our theme today: moral relativism.
Big one, and the authors start with a pop: “We hold these truths to be self-evident.” Our famous line from the Declaration of Independence, a sacred line to many American political thinkers. But others wonder what they mean by “truth” and how any truth can be “self-evident.” The true postmodernist asks “According to whom?” This enters into the “true for you but not for me” debate and also the bigger one: “What is truth?”
What prompts people to be moral relativists or almost moral relativists? What leads them to adopt such a view? What are their best arguments? What do you think are the best criticisms? What are the real alternatives?

These authors contend that there are actually very few absolute moral relativists and they refer to such folks who are not fully-devoted moral relativists as “moral relativists.”
Truth has a history: it has been seen as knowable and anchor-able in God (or the ultimate Good, etc). Plato’s forms flowed into the Christian God who reveals truth in Scripture. For Luther, the interpretation of truth shifted from the magisterium/Pope/RC Church to the priesthood of believers. Descartes found truth in what was indubitable. Instead of relying on God, Church or Scripture… he relied on the individual’s reason. This led to a shift to the empirical and inductive model of science and the Enlightenment. Postmodernity questions the universal claim of modernity and it calls into question the possibility of objectivity. So here we are….
Truth and morals become relative in some forms of postmodernity. Nietzsche saw it all as a person’s perspective and desire for power.
Then the authors examine the spectrum for both absolute and relative, showing that there are very few at either end of the spectrum. The “moral relativist” is basically an anti-absolutist or an anti-legalist, but not a full moral relativist. Their contention is that Christian legalists contribute to the emergence of “moral relativists.”
They see “moral relativism” as emotional instead of intellectual. It derives from a desire to treat people kindly; or from the selfish justification of our own behavior; or they are just intellectually lazy and don’t want to work through hard, demanding issues.
Some, though, have more intellectual defenses: atheism denudes the world of an absolute God who alone can anchor an absolute true morality. Epistemology can strip our ability to know what is morally true. And the perceptive nature of our truth/moral claims can relativize morals.
Advantages:
1. Moral relativism shows how we are morally selective.
2. It illuminates the inadequacy of legalism.
3. It forces us to be more reflective about moral choices.
Problems:
1. How does one argue for moral relativism as true?
2. How can one live as a moral relativist with others who are not?
3. How can we be fair and just and be morally relative? Whose Justice?
4. How can we avoid the lowest common denominator? It prohibits but can’t command.
So what we can we do?
1. Admit we are not God.
2. Get the real issues straight.
3. Be more humble about ethical issues.
4. Connect “absolute” to character more than to actions.


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JL Zoeckler

posted November 16, 2009 at 7:51 am


Excellent Post.
I liked the action steps: “1. Admit we are not God., 2. Get the real issues straight., 3. Be more humble about ethical issues., 4. Connect “absolute” to character more than to actions”. We could build a powerful witnessing community of believers with these 4 actions alone.
A similar conversation has been happening on my video blog were I posted a moral dilemma regarding those that are Seeking Wealth, yet wanting to help the poor – http://jlzoeckler.com/post/243162392/seeking-wealth-and-or-solving-poverty



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John W Frye

posted November 16, 2009 at 10:38 am


Just as the authors argue that Christial legalists created moral relativists, I wonder if the theory of classical Reformed determinism created atheism and more recently open theism?



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Jason Powell

posted November 16, 2009 at 11:22 am


I think, in some ways, Tim Keller’s book “The Reason for God” does a good job of tackling some of the hidden presuppositions in moral relativism. Of course being Reformed he brings some presuppositions of his own (his argument on suffering left me wanting more from him) but the work he does to deconstruct relativism was pretty good. Looking forward to getting this book too. Thanks Scot.



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Jeremy Berg

posted November 16, 2009 at 1:42 pm


Great post. I agree that Keller’s book is great here.
One of the richest contributions of the Christian faith is that we believe truth is first and foremost a person and so is our moral standard. “I am the way, the truth and the life.” -Jesus
What if Christians actually moved away from Law and towards Christ? The way forward in this postmodern, anti-absolutist culture is to continue to point others toward the person of Jesus Christ and the strikingly moral and grace-filled life he lived. Kimball’s book is true, “They like Jesus but not the church.”
Jesus got at least 3 out of these 4 right. ;-)
1. Admit we are not God.
2. Get the real issues straight.
3. Be more humble about ethical issues.
4. Connect “absolute” to character more than to actions.
The last one is crucial to what I’m talking about. Hauerwas’s “A Community of Character” is a good starting point.



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Adam

posted November 17, 2009 at 10:30 am


I have found that moral relativism is motivated by the desire to be kind by former Christians (or children of Christians) in particular. I do see this as a reaction to legalism or lack of relational love in their home. In the end, the argument is strengthened by their own flesh. They will swing from libertine behavior to authoritarian behavior especially when they are in some kind of authority (like parenting). The rule that guides them is their own feelings and so there is no anchor (hence, moral relativism) to constrain them to make principle-based choices (which, in fact, are the kindest choices there are).



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Ray Ingles

posted November 18, 2009 at 11:00 am


Consider chess. There are certain fundamental ‘rules of the game’ that define it. An 8×8 board, 8 pawns per side that move in certain ways, two rooks per side that move in other ways, castling, the initial configuration of the pieces, etc. Now, there is no rule that you can’t sacrifice your queen in the first few moves of the game. It’s illegal to move your king to a threatened square, but it’s perfectly acceptable by the rules to stick your queen in front of a pawn at the start of the game.
However, if you want to win the game, you shouldn’t do that. There are almost no situations (at least, assuming evenly-matched opponents) where giving up your queen at the start will lead to your victory. Similarly, it’s rarely a good idea to move your king out to the center of the board. It’s usually a bad move.
Note words like “shouldn’t” and “bad”. They are value judgements. They prescribe ‘oughts’. They are not part of the ‘rules’ of chess. From where do they come? From the combinations of two things – first, the rules and structure of chess, and second, from the player’s desire to win the game. They are strategic rules.
We have physical laws, and we have human desires. It seems to me that “oughts” – strategic rules – morals – arise from those two things. Some basic game theory, and voila – cooperation, etc. If you want to see a long discussion on this, take a look here: http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2007/07/12/universal-morality-and-the-morality-of-the-universe/
I contend that I am ethical and moral, that people in general are ethical and moral, because the alternative is running naked in the woods fighting over scraps of food. That’s not the Christian conception of morals handed down from a God on high (which runs into the Euthyphro Dilemma, btw) but it’s not “moral relativism” either.



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