The last verse of Psalm 119, which marks the end of this series, surprises:
I have gone astray like a lost sheep; seek out your servant,
for I do not forget your commandments (119:176).
For the first time in the entire psalm -- that I recall -- the psalmist admits that he's messed up. Or does he? Samson Raphael Hirsch, a rabbinic commentator, translates like this: "If I have strayed." Not "I have gone astray" but if I have strayed.
Even if we make the last verse conditional, the central themes continue to emerge: "seek out your servant, for I do not forget your commandments." Seek me out God -- the psalmist seems to be saying -- when I wander away. Why? Because, even if I wander, I have not intended to wander.
Perhaps there's a better explanation: perhaps the wandering is not moral but geographical -- that is, I've gotten myself caught in the middle of those who deny your Torah. Find me, God, and deliver me. Why? Because I've been faithful.
The second to last verse of Psalm 119 brings to fruition the center of the entire psalm:
Let me live that I may praise you,
and may your laws sustain me (175).
First, he wants to live so he can praise God or he wants to be delivered so he can praise God when he is delivered.
Second, it is his Torah that gives the psalmist the desire to live so he can praise God or he prays that God's Torah will sustain him as he awaits God's deliverance.
Either way we have the same: the psalmist wants to live a life that is shaped by praising God that emerges from dwelling in God's Torah and living out that Torah. A life of praise; a life of learning and living Torah. That's the entirety of this psalm.
The psalmist often declares his commitment to God and to God's Word and therefore he believes the Lord should deliver him. Notice these lines:
May your hand be ready to help me,
for I have chosen your precepts.
I long for your salvation, O Lord,
and your law is my delight (119:173-4)
We see commitment; we see request. It is not so much justification of himself as it is overt confidence that, since he has observed the Torah and since God promises blessing to the Torah-doer, he believes God ought to deliver him out of God's faithfulness.
This is an old theme in this psalm; it is one that tends to make Protestants nervous; it is a theme, however, that has more merit than we might admit. He is not claiming self-righteously that he's superior to others, but instead of his utter commitment to God and that God promises blessings. His declaration of commitment, then, is not simply an observation but a window into a system: I've done my part, You are faithful, now do yours.
In the final paragraph of Psalm 119, in v. 171, the psalmist erupts into praise and he describes before God what his experience is (or will be) like.
"May my lips overflow with praise for youi teach me your decrees."
It seems the second part assumes the reality of the first part: he knows the experience of learning from God.
He knows what it is like to sit with the Torah and meditate and wait upon God. He knows what it is like for God to visit him, to teach him, to enlighten him, and to make clear his paths as he seeks to walk the way of Torah.
V. 172 largely repeats the point: "May my tongue sing of your word for all your commands are righteous."
He delights in God as God speaks through the Word and he sings praise for what he has learned.
We've now come to the end of Psalm 119, the taw section. Like much of the psalm, there is an interchange between pleading with God for deliverance and publicly confessing the psalmist's commitment to God. In this section, that commitment shows up as praise.
In 119:169-171 we read of the plea:
May my cry come before you, O Lord;
give me understanding according to your word.
May my supplication come before you;
deliver me according to your promise.
This very common use of parallelism between the verses leads us to see line 1 and 3 as largely the same and lines 2 and 4 as complementing. His cry is a supplication; his understanding is as needful as his deliverance. He doesn't just want God to make clear to him what is going on, he wants God to deliver him.
This reminds me of John the Baptist sending two disciples to Jesus to ask if Jesus was or was not the "one who is to come." I doubt John was "googling" Jesus for information; he wanted a specific answer (yes) so he could then make a plea -- get me out of prison.
So the psalmist: he pleas -- as he's done throughout the entire psalm -- for deliverance.
He seeks for insight from God's Word; he expects deliverance because, knowing that Word, he knows God is faithful to his promises.
The psalmist has found peace but he has not found that peace in the security of knowing he's no longer persecuted nor in the security of being "in the know" with the right people. He's found peace, great peace, because...
The psalmist is at peace and resolved to tremble at God's word -- not the princes of his day -- and to take his joy in the promises of God -- not the strength that comes from association with powers...
With princes breathing down his neck, the psalmist finds peace and is resolved to tremble at God's word and to find joy in God's promise. How does he do so? I suspect this is how: He's peacefully resolved to love...
The psalmist's tranquility is palpable ... chiefs are chasing him but he's found repose in knowing God. He's not only peacefully resolved to tremble at God's word, he's peacefully resolved as well to rejoice in God's promise. His little analogy...
In the Shin/Sin section of Psalm 119, that is verses 161-168, we find a subtle shift of mood and tone. The psalmist is resolute and determined, but now a tranquility and peace hangs over the psalm. He's peacefully resolve to...
The focal point of this psalmist, a fella who has his back against the wall and is surrounded by those who want to do him in, is this: The sum of your word is truth; and every one of your...
As with vv. 153, 154, the psalmist's plea is very simple and clear. We find it in vv. 156 and 159: 156 "Great is your mercy, O LORD; give me life according to your justice. ... 159 Consider how I...
When your back is against the wall you know have to know not only where to look (to God) but also where not to look -- and the psalmist explores that in vv. 155, 157-158. Here are his words: 155...
The psalmist's back is against the wall. He has faced God, he has asked God for rescue, and he has appealed to his own integrity -- that's 119:153. In v. 154 there is a subtle, revealing development. "Plead/defend my cause...
Have you ever had your back to the wall? Ever wonder if you were going to make it? Ever wonder if the enemy would do you in? Ever wonder if you would live another day? The psalmist knows the experience,...
The psalmist begins this section by crying out to God for deliverance. As the section develops he becomes confident, and part of the reason for his confidence can be found in v. 152. Memory: he remembers that long ago he...
The psalmist's confidence brims over the top now: if v. 149 shows that he can make claim on God because of God's steadfast love and judgment, in vv. 150-151 the psalmist expresses a singular confidence. 150 Those who persecute me...
The psalmist is crying out for deliverance from his persecutors. He wants to be delivered so he can continue a life of Torah observance. He cries out to God all night long -- and the foundation for his cry for...
The psalmist is diligent. Notice his words -- a kind of two-step direction in his diligence: 147 I rise before dawn and cry for help; I put my hope in your words. 148 My eyes are awake before each watch...
The qof section of Psalm 119, vv. 145-152, explores the psalmist's call to God. The psalmist, once again in a condition of being hunted down like an animal (v. 150), cries out to God. And along with his cry is...
What we read, what we listen to, what we watch -- what fills our mind -- makes us who we are. We become what fills our mind. So also the psalmist: "Your statutes are always righteous; give me understanding that...
God is righteous. If God is righteous, there is hope in God. 142 Your righteousness is everlasting and your law is true. Since God is right, God's righteousness is "everlasting" (l'olam). If God's righteousness -- his utter faithfulness to his...
The psalmist believes God is righteous and has spoken words in Torah that are right and that can guide God's people. But those two convictions are at odds with others: they evidently don't believe either of his convictions. How does...
Not only are the mishpatim -- commands, rulings, judgments -- of God right, but also the adot -- statutes -- are righteous. God is right -- he is a righteous God. Therefore, what God says is right -- what God...
Psalm 119:137-144, each verse beginning with the Hebrew letter tsade, revolves around familiar themes for those who read Psalm 119: the Law of God is right, the psalmist is committed to observing the Law of God, his enemies are a...
The sixth word for Torah in this section of Psalm 119 is "decrees" (huqqim), words of binding force and permanence -- inscribed forever now that they are written in the Torah. Commitment to such permanence brings the psalmist the sense...
Psalm 119:133-134 uses two more words for the Torah: promises (imra) and precepts (piqud). Imra can mean "word" but "promissory word" is a little better. Implications are obvious: Torah is promissory word and preceptual word in order to guide the...
The third word used for Torah in Psalm 119:129-136 is "commandments" (mitzvot; v. 131). Attached to v. 131 is v. 132: because the psalmist longs for God's mitzvot and because that longing expresses the psalmist's love (v. 132b), he implores...
In Psalm 119:129-136 the psalmist uses seven different words to describe the Torah: today we look at the second word. It is "word/s" (devar). Psalm 119:130: "The unfolding of your words gives light; it gives understanding to the simple." If...
Psalm 119:129-136 (letter pe) expresses two things: various words of the Bible (seven different ones) and the wonderful delight the psalmist finds in them. The first word mentioned is "statutes" ('edot). He finds the edot of God wonderful and therefore...
Christian conversion is the transformation of one's own identity in relationship to Jesus Christ. One "self-identifies" in relationship to Jesus Christ. The psalmist self-identifies as: One who loves God's commands (119:127) and who considers all God's precepts as right, or...
In Psalm 119:126, the psalmist informs God that "It is time for you to act, YHWH." Why? "Your law is being broken." We are back to the integrity of vv. 121-122 and the appeal he made there: now his appeal...
The psalmist's integrity comes from God because his disposition before God is that of a "servant" (ebed; see vv. 122, 124, 125): 124 Deal with your servant according to your love and teach me your decrees. 125 I am your...
Psalm 119:123 is a little tricky: "My eyes fail, looking for your salvation, looking for your righteous promise." Is the psalmist despairing and at the end of his hope or is he yearning intensively? The Hebrew word here (qalah) can...
In the next paragraph of Psalm 119 (vv. 121-128, each beginning with the Hebrew letter Ayin), the psalmist considers his own integrity before God from a variety of angles. He appeals to God on the basis of his own integrity,...
"My flesh," the psalmist admits, "trembles in fear of You; I stand in awe of your laws." So Psalm 119:120. I could have said God "intimidates" but that normally means intent to scare. What the psalmist has in mind is...
Some may have been tempted to skip this post by because of the title. Others may have become slightly infuriated by the title. Others may think it is politically incorrect. If you read Goldingay's summary that I posted on Sunday,...
God supports us. Notice the psalmists words from which we can receive instruction for our day: 116 Sustain me according to your promise, and I will live; do not let my hopes be dashed. 117 Uphold me, and I will...
Not only is God revealed as "teacher" in Psalm 119:113-120, but God is also the protector in v. 114. The psalmist uses two concrete images for God's protections: First, God is "my refuge" -- the place where the psalmist hides....
Some people put their foot in their mouth; this psalmist puts his foot in his heart -- or does he have his heart in his foot? Notice these words: "My heart is set on keeping your decrees to the very...
I wear golf shoes made by FootJoy -- and I like them. They are firm; they shed water well (for early morning golf); they have lasted. The psalmist has another kind of foot joy: "Your statutes (adot) are my heritage...
Again, the psalmist -- the one whose torch in the Torah that guides his path -- is in trouble: his life is in jeopardy (119:109) -- snares have been set for this light-following feet (110), but he still does not...
The psalmist has taken an oath (119:106) to follow God's righteous laws (mishpatim); for this oath and his stubborn commitment to walk in God's ways -- with his feet enlightened by Torah -- he has suffered afflictions. JPS: "I am...
The Torah, the Bible for the psalmist, was God's communication with Israel in order to inform Israel of God's ways -- and its intent was to guide the whole of an Israelite -- heart, soul, and strength. Here the psalmist...
"How sweet are your words to my taste, sweeter than honey to my mouth!" (Psalm 119:103) We don't eat a lot of honey, but it is smooth with a pure sweetness. Kris sometimes puts honey on her English muffins --...
I don't know an expression any more accurate, so I've chosen to say that the one who listens to Torah, who delights in God's Word, develops morally. So Psalm 119:101-102, 104b: I have kept my feet from every evil path...
The psalmist says that because he muses on the God's Torah all day long, he has "gained more insight than all his teachers" (119:99). Here are some references to "insight" (sekel) in the Bible: The first one comes at Gen...
Listening to the Bible the way one delights in the words of the one whom we love leads to wisdom. I don't know how you define wisdom, but here's mine: Wisdom is the insight to make a sound moral judgment...
Psalm 119:97-104, the section labeled mem because every sentence begins with this letter, is about Bible study, or more accurately, Torah devotion. Today we look at v 97 and v 104. O how I love your Torah! It is my...
I really like what I read in Psalm 119:96: "To all perfection I see a limit, but your commands are boundless." The psalmist, here writing a bit like Ecclesiastes, says he has considered the end of all ends, the completeness...
If God is Olam, forever, and if God's Word and Faithfulness are also Olam, what are we to do? Attach ourselves to the Olam God whose Word and Faithfulness are Olam. I get attachments in my e-mails quite often; they...
The psalmist tells us that the Olam God, the Forever God, the God who is in and of himself the very life that sustains who we are, is "faithful". The Olam God, therefore, has an Olam Faithfulness. God remains true...
Our God is an Olam (eternal, forever, out of time drawing us into his life kind of) God. Therefore, any word that is uttered from the Olam God becomes an Olam word. Let us say it turns word into Word,...
We now turn to the "Lamed" section of Psalm 119 -- verses 89-96. The first word of this section, le-olam, "unto forever," sets the whole tone and opens the window on what the psalmist urges us to see. God is...
The psalmist, who depicts himself as an exhausted wineskin in his persecution, asks two questions that are at the heart of this section (koph) of Psalm 119. They are found in v. 84, and they are not questions of doubt...
I don't know much about wineskins, but I know this wineskin, our psalmist, was resolute. If he sees himself as an exhausted, depressed wineskin, he is one tough wineskin. [Note: a reader explained the image of a "smoked wineskin" to...
The psalmist depicts himself like a parched wineskin being dried out in a smoker. What are his problems? People. Notice these: He lacks comfort (119:82b). He wonders how many days he has to live (119:84a). He is persecuted (119:84b). The...
The psalmist is parched and his only hope is moisture if the skin is to survive. How does he cope? What can he do? Notice these words: He longs for God to deliver (119:81a). He hopes in God's Word (119:81b)....
The psalmist is parched and his only hope is moisture if the skin is to survive. How does he cope? What can he do? Notice these words: He longs for God to deliver (119:81a). He hopes in God's Word (119:81b)....
It might not be our image today, but it was the psalmist's image: "I am like a wineskin in the smoke" (119:83). Or as the JPS translator has it: "Though I have become like a water-skin dried in smoke." What...
No one who reads the Psalter can fail to observe how frequently the psalmists are opposed. Here he refers to the insolent, the seethingly rebellious, and he knows they are the opposite of those who "fear" God. Notice 119:78:"Let the...
"Those who fear You will see me and rejoice" (Ps. 119:74) and "May those who fear You... turn again to me" (119:79). Friendship of the "fearful", friendship of those who fear God. Those who genuinely fear God -- who know...
The psalmist, in 119:73 knows that God's hands have "firmed him up" -- the way the sun is "fixed" in the sky at midday, the way pillars hold up the building, and the way a king has been established on...
"It was good for me that I was humbled, so that I might learn Your laws" (119:71). Abraham learned this in Egypt; Moses learned this in the wilderness; neither Saul nor Solomon evidently did; David sure did. Josiah learned it...
The psalmist knows God is good and that everything that comes from him is good. Notice these: God treats him with the good (119:65). Teach me good taste (66). God is good and beneficent (68). The humble experiences of his...
The psalmist prays for "good moral taste/judgment" (Hebrew taam) in 119:66 -- along with good knowledge. We might ponder what we have a good taste for: Many of us have good taste in food -- we know the difference between...
The psalmist acknowledges that the Lord has "done good" or "treated him well" -- though I think the psalmist is much less interested in "how" (well) God has treated him and more with "what" (good) God has done to him....
I love these words: "The earth is filled with your love, LORD; teach me your decrees" (119:64). 24:1: "The earth is the LORD’s, and everything in it, the world, and all who live in it." 33:5: "The LORD loves righteousness...
A theme verse for the Evangelical Covenant Church, the sponsor of North Park University and the seminary, is Psalm 119:63: I am a companion to all who fear you, to all who follow your precepts. The psalmist had friends; his...
Erik Weisz was the great Houdini -- no matter how they tied him up, he could escape. He had, of course, all kinds of secrets to his clever ways, but always he managed to get out of the bonds. The...
The expression "post-haste" was something I once heard from a teacher and it followed a request to go to some office to get something. "And do it post-haste." I thought about the meaning of that expression then about as often...
The psalmist's journey is clear: he has been faithful to God; those around him who should know better have not been faithful; they have opposed him; the psalmist has complained bitterly to God about his situation; he has called on...
The psalmist tells us that he remember's God's name at night. Night prayer ... a common idea in the Bible is set prayers at set times. Psalm 55:18 -- in the evening, in the morning, and at noonday, I will...
I am struck by Psalm 119:53: "I am seized with rage because of the wicked who forsake Your teaching." Why? The psalmist knows God is gracious, loving and (at the same time) just -- Psalm 11. The psalmist knows those...
If memory has the capacity to heal us if we remember truthfully and remember in light of what God is doing in this world, then reminding God of our condition is a way both to discover who we are and...
Psalm 119:49 is the kind of hope we find in all those who long for redemption, who long for God to make God's glory present, and who yearn for justice. In fact, people like Mary and Simeon and Anna --...
Psalm 119:45 and 47 are delightful lines: "I will walk about at ease" and "I will delight in Your commandments." That first line is evocative. The notion is to walk in expansiveness, with room to spare, in freedom. The idea...
Psalm 119:44-48 is an interplay between "going public" about commitment to Torah and the joy that comes from that Torah. The going public can be found in vv. 44, 46, 48, and the joy in vv. 45 and 47. Today...
When we combine the Reformation (e.g, esp Lutheran) antithesis of law and gospel with pietism's and Liberalism's and the Western democracy's sense of individual freedom, it is not hard to predict that many will find "rules" difficult expressions for genuine...
Psalm 119:43 is odd: "Never take your word of truth from my mouth, for I have put my hope in your laws." My rabbi commentary, by Samson Hirsch, says this: "Do not make it appear as if my mouth had...
God's manifold mercy, God's lovingkindness that embraces us in our manifold needs, is the hope of the psalmist in the next section (waw-section; 119:41-48). His prayer: "May your steadfast love reach me." That lovingkindness is understood here as "deliverance" (v....
"How I long for your precepts! In your righteousness preserve my life" (Ps 119:40). To long for (taev) is how the psalmist caps this section of the psalm. He yearns for God's precepts. This word is also used in Psalm...
We are fond of the word "repent" at times, and we learn that the Hebrew behind our "repent" is to turn (shuv). But that is not the word used in Psalm 119:36-37, but its central idea is present in these...
I am as guilty of this as anyone, and many of us "theological types" are the same: we read in order to learn, in order to know, and in order to master. Scripture, however, is God's communication with humans, with...
If the posture of learning is to listen, the source of our learning, the source to whom we listen as we listen to the Bible being read, is God. There is a danger in some circles to equate Bible with...
The "he" section of Psalm 119 (vv. 33-40) notably puts the psalmist in the posture of learning. The verbs are so clear in this psalm: Teach me (v. 33) Give me understanding (v. 34) Direct me (v. 35) Turn my...
I find Psalm 119:32 fascinating. TNIV: "I run in the path of your commands, for you have set my heart free." JPS: "I eagerly pursue your commandments, for you broaden my understanding."Â Hirsch: "I shall walk once again with vigor...
This week's prayer from the Daily Hours: Blessed Lord, who caused all holy Scriptures to be written for our learning: Grant me so to hear them, read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them, that I may embrace and ever hold...
Psalm 119:25-32, the "D" sentences of this Hebrew acrostic psalm, contains commitments. The psalmist announces to God in prayer the equivalent of our "I Have Decided." Notice the following commitments: v. 26: "I have declared my way." v. 30: "I...
At times the psalmist of 119 expresses his pain. In v. 25 he asserts that his soul clings to the dust. In vs. 28 he claims that he is "racked with grief." Of course, we don't know why he says...
I spent Friday through Sunday in Washington, DC, at the Annual Meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature -- and on Friday I was at the Evangelical Theological Society. Because I have been pondering Psalm 119 the last month or...
The psalmist declares his friends: "your decrees (edah) are my delight (shashua), my intimate companions (enosh etsah) -- my friends who counsel me" (119:24). Again, the psalmist speaks from experience: his friends are the words of God; they are the...
The psalmist's longing to know God through the study and observance of Torah is not without opposition. He is aware of those who are "insolent" (119:21) and stray from the commandments. Even more, he experiences "taunt and abuse" (v. 22)...
"My soul," the psalmist announces, "is consumed in its longing for Your mishpatim/commandments" (119:20). Actually, the word "consumed" means "crushed" (garas). My soul, he says, is broken into pieces because it so longs to commune with God through hearing from...
The psalmist, in 119:19, tells us this: "I am only a sojourner in the land." At first blush, this would mean he is a Gentile (ger 'anoki) dwelling for awhile in the Land of Israel. On top of this, he...
Humans, the psalmist seems to assume, have veiled eyes. To see, the veil must be lifted. "Open (galah) my eyes, that I may perceive...". Here the words of Balaam in Numbers 22:31: "Then the LORD opened Balaam's eyes, and he...
Psalm 119:17 is both a little request and a world of insight. "Do good to your servant, and I will live; I will obey your word." That first verb, "Do good," brings one element of the verb gml to the...
A meditation on the experience of the psalmist in Psalm 119, esp vv. 1-16. I take the key idea of this psalm to be absorption. I see this in three directions: First, the psalmist is absorbed in the Torah as...
The pleasure the psalmist speaks of in Psalm 119:14-15 is not simply the mental exhilaration of study and discovery -- the sort of thing many experience when they chance upon something previously unseen in the Bible, which I think is...
Psalm 119:12-13 expresses the psalmists commitment -- to learn the law and to rehearse the rules. Thus:"Praise be to you, O LORD; teach me your decrees. With my lips I recount all the laws that come from your mouth." Here...
"With all my heart," the psalmist says in 119:10, "I have turned to You; do not let me stray from Your commandments. In my heart I treasure your promise." Commitment to God, a life absorbed in Torah, begins in the...
"How can those who are young keep their way pure?," asks the psalmist in the opening line of the Beth lines of Psalm 119 (v. 9a). Some think the entire psalm is the journal reflections of an ancient Israelite as...
I am impressed this morning with Psalm 119:5-6: "Oh, that my ways were steadfast in obeying your decrees! Then I would not be put to shame when I consider all your commands." What impresses me is that desire (v. 5)...
Psalm 119:3 says "They have done no wrong, but have followed God's ways." The one whose identity is shaped by Torah, by the revealing words from God, are characterized by (at least) two attributes: They don't do some things and...
Commentaries on Psalm 119 fade. That is, they treat each paragraph in sum and make only brief comments. I suppose this saves space because Psalm 119 can be treated as 22 individual psalms. Today I'll look at the flow of...
Psalm 119, captured by some as Torah piety, is a "medley of praise, prayer and wisdom" (R. Allen, Psalms 101-150, Word). This Psalm, noted above by it being an acrostic with eight lines beginning with the same Hebrew letter (vv....
The psalmist, in 119:73 knows that God's hands have "firmed him up" -- the way the sun is "fixed" in the sky at midday, the way pillars hold up the building, and the way a king has been established on...